/o 



IVtSt^A^ 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSIOE" 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES. 



/-ir 
^3/ 



THE ADDITIONS MADE TO THE TERRITORY OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES AND ITS 
TRANSFORMATION INTO TERRITORIES AND STATES. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ADDITIONS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI EIVER 
AND PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THAT AREA. 



969 



■H54 



TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES, 



The ai^proaclimg centennial celebration of the Louisiana Purchase, to be followed by a similar recognition of the great exploring 
expedition which resulted in extending the control of the United States to the Pacific coast at the northwest, suggests the presentation 
of some data showing the variou-i additions to the original territory of the United States, and the steps by which all of its area has been 
transformed into the present political divisions which form the United States of America. 

There have been twelve additions to the original territory of the Union, including Alaska, the Hawaiian, Philippine, and Samoaii 
islands and Guam, in the Pacific, and Porto Rico and Pine Island, in the West Indies; and the total area of the United States, including 
the noncontiguous territory, is now fully five times that of the original thirteen colonies. The series of maps which follow show each of 
these additions to the original territory, also the steps by which the original territorj' and that added at the various dates were trans- 
formed first into Territories and then into the States as they now exist. In attempting to present to the eye by a series of maps a 
chronological history of the transition from the original territory of about 700,000 square miles to the present area of 3,770,954 square 
miles, and from the thirteen original colonies to more than fifty pohtical divisions, only the important steps can be presented, and 
many comparatively imimportant changes in boundary lines must necessarily be omitted. 

The maps which follow show in outline the territory claimed by the thirteen colonies at the beginning of the war of the 
Revolution; the additional territory included within the boundaries agreed upon between the united colonies and Great Britain at the 
close of that war; the cession of a part of the territory of the colonies to the common union; the additions to this common territory 
made by the Louisiana, the Florida, the Mexican, and the Gadsden purchases, the Texas annexation, the settlement of the Oregon 
claim, the Alaska purchase, and the more recent additions of noncontiguous territory, and, chronologically, the transition of these 
various areas into the States and Territories now existing. It is proper to add that the boundaries claimed by the various colonies prior to 
and at the close of the war of the Revolution frequently intersected and overlapped each other, so that certain areas, especially in the 
Ohio Valley, were claimed by more than one of the colonies. It was largely due to these conflicting claims that the colonies decided to 
obviate the possibility of discord and internal conflict by mutually ceding to the common union that part of the territory in which these 
conflicting boundary lines overlapped each other. It has not been practicable, in presenting in the first map of the series the outline of 
the thirteen colonies, to show all of these conflicting boundary lines, but only to indicate those most generally accepted. Nor has it 
been practicable to determine accurately the area of the original thirteen colonies. The census of 1790 gave tlie total area at that time 
at 827,8-14 square miles, but this included the area added to the original territory of the thirteen colonies by the treaty of 1783, in which 
Great Britain ceded to them certain territory at the Northwest and Southwest not originally within their boundaries, but which they 
then claimed by possession and otherwise, at the termination Of the war of the Revolution. 

The additions to the territory of the United States subsequent to the peace treaty with Great Britain of 1783 are shown by the 
following table, prepared by the General Land Office of the Interior Department: 

Additions to the Tereitoey of the United States from 1800 to 1900. 



TERRITORIAL DIVISION. 


Year. 


Area added. 


Purchase 
price. 


Louisiana purchase 


1803 
1819 
1845 
1846 
1848 
1850 
1853 
1867 
1897 
1898 
1898 
1898 
1899 
1899 
1901 


Square miles. 
875,025 
70,107 
389, 795 
288,689 
523,802 
(=) 

86,211 

599, 446 

6,740 

3,600 

882 

175 

113,000 

73 

68 


Dollars. 
15, 000, 000 
'6,489,763 


Florida 


Te.xas 


Oregon Territory 






2 18,250,666 
10,000,000 
10,000,000 
7,200,000 


Purcliase from Texas 


Gadsden purchase 


Alaska 








Pine Islands (West Indies) 




Guam 




20,000,000 


Samoan Islands 


Additional Philippines 


100, 000 


Total 


2, 937, 613 


87,009,768 







'Includes interest payments. 

''OE which S3,250,000 was in payment of claims of American citizens asrainst Mexico. 

^ Area purchased from Tc-Kas amounting to 123,781 square miles is not fnoUukMi in the 
column of area added, because it became a part of the area of the United States 
with the admission of Texas. 



971 



972 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. 



[SeI'TE.MBER, 



Tlie following table, published by the United States Census Office in May, 1901, shows the gross area and population of the United 
States at each of the decennial censuses from 1790 to 1900, exclusive of all noncontiguous territory. 

Akea and Population of the United States. 



YEARS. 


Area. 


Population. 


1790 


Square viiles. 
827, 844 
827,844 
1,999.775 
2,0.59,043 
2, 069, 043 
2,059,043 
2, 9S0, 9.59 
3,025.600 
3, 025, 600 
3,025,600 
3, 025, 600 
3,025,600 


3,929,214 

5,308,483 

7,239,881 

9,633,822 

12,866,020 

17,069.4.53 

23,191,876 

31,443,321 

38, .568, 371 

50,1.55,783 

62, 622, 250 

75,695,379 


1800 


1810 


1820 


1830 


1840 


1850 


I860 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1900 





OUTLHsTE HISTOET OF THE LOITISIAI^A PURCHASE ; ITS DEVELOPMEIiT 
INTO TEREITORIES AND STATES, AIS'D ITS PRESENT AND EELATIYE 
VALUE AS A PRODUCING SECTION. 



SPANISH EXPLORATION. 



The earliest record of the acquaintance of the white man with the mouth of the Mississippi is the visit of Alvarez de Pineda and 
hia cfunpanions in 1.519, who, it is said, entered the mouth of the Mississippi and spent six weeks on its banks. Ten years later, De 
Narvacz touched at the mouth of the !\Iississippi, and in 1541 De Soto crossed the Mississippi at a considerable distance above its mouth, 
and, afier further wanderings, perished on its bank near the mouth of the Arkansas, his followers, after considerable delay, passing down 
the stream and arriving at its mouth July 18, 1543, turning westward along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and ending the record of 
Spanish exploration of the Mississippi. 

FRENCH EXPLORATION AND OCCUPATION. 

The French exploration of the Mississippi Valley in the following century was from the north, where explorers from their Canadian 
settlements moved down the Mississippi; Ijut it was not until April 7, 1682, that the first party of explorers, headed by Eobert Cavalier 
de la Salle, reached the mouth of the ^Mississippi, and on April 9 erected a column and took possession of the country, affixing to the 
column the arms of France with this inscription: "Louis le Grand, Koi de France et de Navarre, regne; le neuvieme Avril, 1662." 

La Salle and his followers returned northward shortly, but three years later Henri de Tonty, who had accompanied him, again 
visited this spot and replanted further from the banks of the stream the column which had been thrown down by driftwood. 

In 1698 Louis XIV fitted out an expedition to colonize Louisiana, with Capt. Pierre le I\Ioyne d'Iberville in command. It arrived 
at the mouth of the Mi.-isissippi early in 1699, and built a fort and established the first permanent colony on the eastern side of the mouth 
of Biloxi Bay, communication being maintained at long intervals between this post and the French colonies in Canada. 

In 1712 the first regular charter for the government of Louisiana was granted to Antoine Crozat, whose efforts to establish a settle- 
ment and develop the comitry soon proved unsatisfactory and 5vere abandoned in 1718. Another cb.arter was immediately granted to 
John Law, whose operations seem to have been less disadvantageous to the Louisiana colony than to those of France who became 
interested in his operations, as William Preston Johnston says that the privilege granted him " finally inured to the benefit of the 
colony," while other writers indicate that the colony flourished during at least a part of the control of his Mississippi, or West India 
Company. 

FOUNDING OF NEW ORLEANS. 

In 1717 Jean Baptiste de Bien\'ille selected the tract whereon New Orleans now stands as a site for an agricultural and commercial 
settlement, and in the year following, being appointed governor, sent his chief engineers with a force of 80 convicts lately arrived from 
the iirisons of France, to clear the land and trace out the plan of a town, which he named Nouveau Orleans in honor of Orleans, then 
duke of France. From that time until 1722 it was maintained only as a small military trading post, but in August, 1733, it was made 
the official quarters of the governor of the colony. 



BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH FIXED AT THE MISSISSIPPI. 

The seven years' war in which France and Great Britain contended for the final possession of this continent terminated with the 
definitive treaty of Paris signed in 1763, which fixed the western boundary of the British possessions along the middle of the Mississippi 
River from its source down to the Iberville, and thence down the center of that river or bayou and through lakes Mam'epas and 
Pontchartrain to the Mexican Gulf. 



1901.] 



TEEEITOBIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



973 



i^V-, 




■^"i. 



v^ \ 




No. 1. — 17iC. Area of the TniRTEEX Coloxies at Date of Revolution. 







•v. 




No. 2. —1783. Showing Addition by Peace Treaty of 1783 on the Northwest and Southwest. 



974 TEEEITOEIAl EXPAI^SIOX OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, 

FRANCE CEDES LOUISIANA TO SPAIN. 

The Louisiana Territory was ceded by France to Sjiain by a secret treaty on November 3, 1762, which, however, was not made public 
until 1703, and in 1764 the director-general of Louisiana was directed to acquaint the inhabitants of that pro'vince with the act of cession 
and to turn over the government to the oiiicers of Spain when they should arrive to receive it. The motive of this cession, according to 
AVallace, "appears to have been to indemnify Spain for her expenses in the war then just closed, and to prevent Louisiana from falling 
into the hands of Great Britain." He adds, however, that, "moreover, the province had become a burden to the French Government, 
of which it was anxious to be disencumbered. It has been computed that France, in her prolonged attempt to colonize Louisiana, 
exjiended directly or indirectly nearly $20,000,000, without receiving any proportionate return." 

SPANISH OCCUPATION. 

The Spanish governor, Antonio de Ulloa, arrived at New Orleans March 5, 1766, but his restrictions upon commerce of French 
citizens with France created such dissatisfaction that a convention of planters on October 28, 1768, passed resolutions praying for a 
restoration of their former privileges and the expulsion of the Spaniards, and on the passage by the council of a decree requiring the 
Spanish troops to leave the colony within three days, Ulloa and hia troops immediately embarked for Spain. He was succeeded, 
however, by another Spanish governor, who brought the colony under complete Spanish control. 

DIFFICULTIES REGARDING FREE NAVIGATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 

During the occupancy of the territory by Spain, American colonists experienced much difliculty in maintaining the right of free 
navigation of the JMississippi, and the opposition of Spain was so great that in 1786 the Congress of the Confederation, by a vote of 7 to 5, 
agree<i to suspend temporarily its demand for this right, and a treaty was framed by which the claim was to bo suspended for twenty-five 
years, but not relinquished. This, however, proved very unsatisfactory to the population of the Mississippi Valley, and the entire question 
was referred to the new Government which assumed control in 1789. In 1795, Thomas Pinckney, as envoy extraordir.ary, negotiated a 
treaty with Spain by which it was agreed that the navigation of the Mississippi should be free to the citizens of the United States, and 
that they should for the space of three years have the privilege of depositing their merchandise in the port of New Orleans, and to export 
it from thence without paying any other duty than a fair price for hire of the buildings in which it might be stored. It was also agreed 
to renew this 2:irivilege at New Orleans at the end of three years or grant a similar privilege at some other point on the banks of the 
Mississipiii. 

LOUISIANA TERRITORY RETROCEDED TO FRANCE. 

In the year 1800 the King of Spain, desiring the aid of Napoleon in the erection of the kingdom of Etniria for his son-in-law, the 
Duke of Parma, made an agreement for the retrocession of the Louisiana Territory to France as an equivalent for that aid, the French 
Government being quite willing to obtain new tenitory in America in lieu of that lost to England a fev/ years earlier. This agreement, 
made October 1, 1800, remained a secret for more than a year, and even then France did not asvume control of the territory. In 1802 
the Spanish official still in charge at New Orleans abrogated the right of deposit at that city and refused to name any other place as 
provided by the treaty. 

ALARM IN THE UNITED STATES AS A RESULT OF RETROCESSION TO FRANCE. 

The announcement made in 1802 that Louisiana had been retroceded to France cau-ed great alarm in the United States, whose 
relations with France had been recently strained through the treatment accorded the enibassy sent in 1797 to adjust the differences 
between the two nations, and the people of the Mississippi Valley especially felt that control of tlie Louisiana Territory and city of New 
Orleans by France threatened the permanent closing of the Mississippi Eiver against American commerce. 

MISSION SENT TO FRANCE TO PURCHASE NEW ORLEANS. 

The result of this feeling was a resolution offered in Congress authorizing the President to call out 50,000 militia and take possession 
of New Orleans, but a substitute was adopted appropriating 52,000,000 for the purchase of New Orleans, and on January 10, 1803, James 
Monroe was sent as minister extraordinary to cooperate with our then minister to France, Robert E. Livingston, for the purchase of New 
Orleans. 

COMMISSION PURCHASES LOUISIANA TERRITORY. 

Monroe, on his arrival in France, found that negotiations for the purchase of New Orleans had been begim by Minister Livingston, 
and the commissioners were surprised by a counter proposition from Napoleon's representative, Barb6-Marbois, in which he offered to 
sell all of the Louisiana Territory to the United States, suggesting 100,000,000 francs as the price; and the commissioners, although they 
had not been authorized to negotiate for more than the city of New Orleans, offered $10,000,000, and on the following day, April l", an 
agreement was reached for the sale to the United States of the entire Louisiana Territory for $15,000,000, of which $11,250,000 was to be 
in the form of 6 per cent United States bonds, and the United States to assume the payment of certain claims of American citizens against 
the French Goverment, amounting to $3,750,000. 

This treaty reached AVashingtou for ratification July 14, Congress was called in special session October 17, and the treaty conlii-med 
by the Senate after two days of discussion, and on October 28 a resolution to carry it into effect was passed after much opposition by 
many who expressed the belief that the territory was not worth the price proposed to be paid, and that its control would lie difficult and 
unprofitable. 



1901.] 



TEREITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



975 




No. 3. — 1781-1790. Shotving Fiest Okganiz.\tion of Territory Ceded to the Union by the Colonies pkom 1781 to 1790. (All 
OP THE Colonies except Georgia had during this time ceded their Western Territory.) 




-^ 




No. 4. — 1790-1800. Vermont cut off from New York and Admitted as a State (1791). — Tennessee Formed akd Admitted as 
A State (1796), and Adjacent Territory at the South Design.\ted as "Territory South op Tennessee." — Territory at the 
Extreme Southwest Organized as Territory op Mississippi (1798). 

No. 3 7 



976 TEEKITOEIAL EXPANSIOiSr OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, 

AMERICAN OCCUPATION. 

The Spanish representatives were still in control at New Orleans and in possession of the entire territor)' when the treaty was 
ratified, and the Spanish representatives at Washington insisted that France had not carried out her agreement for the cession by Spain 
to France, and therefore the cession to the United States was void. Nevertheless the French charg^ at Washington directed the 
representative at New Orleans to transfer that city and territory to the representatives of the United States. The message reached New 
Orleans November 23, 180.3, and after some consultation the Spanish governor handed the keys of the city to the French representative, 
who on December 20 surrendered them to the representatives of the United States Government, who assumed conU'ol of the city and 
territory. 

POPULATION OF LOUISIANA TERRITORY AT DATE OF PURCHASE. 

The population of the Louisiana Territory at the date of its cession to the United States was probably not far from 100,000. A 
volume written by M. Wante in Paris in 1803 states the population of the Territory at that date to be .50,100 whites, 39,820 blacks, and 
10,340 mulattoos; total 100,260. The bishop of the province estimated the population of hia jurisdiction at that date at 144,000, but his 
Jurisdiction included Pensacola and Mobile. The census of 1810 shows the population of 97,401 for the entire area, of which 76,556 were 
accredited to Orleans Territory occupying the extreme southern portion of the purchase, and 20,845 to the remaining section of the Lou- 
isiana purchase. 

TERRITORY EAST OF THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI ADDED TO LOUISIANA. 

After the cession of 1803 questions arose between Spain and the United States as to whether the cession included any territory east 
of the Mississippi other than New Orleans. The claim of the United States was that the original Louisiana Territory extended a 
considerable distance east of the Mississippi; and although this was not admitted by Spain, Congress in 1804 passed an act for collecting 
duties in the disputed territory and placed it under the jurisdiction of Louisiana Territory. In September, 1810, the inhabitants of this 
section (i. e., of West Florida) declared themselves independent of Spain and notified the President of the United States of that fact, 
asking recognition as a part of the United States, and on October 27 of that year President Blonroe by proclamation extended the claim 
of the United States over tlie territory in question and authorized the governor of New Orleans Territory to take possession. In 1812 
an act was passed enlarging the limits of Louisiana and including the area in controversy. 

TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE INTO STATES AND TERRITORIES. 

1803. French cession of Province of Louisiana, comprising entire Louisiana purchase. 

1804. The Territory of Orleans established with boundaries jiractically identical with those of the present State of Louisiana. The 
remainder of the Louisiana purchase was designated as the District of Louisiana. 

1812. The Territory of Orleans admitted to the Union as a State under the name of Louisiana and name of the territory known aa 
Louisiana District changed to the Missouri Territory. 

1819. Territory of Arkansa-ti' formed, including the present State of Arkansas and a large part of the present Indian Territory and 
Oklahoma. In 1824 an act was passed fixing the western boundary and excluding from the limits of Arkansaw Territory practically all 
of that territory now known as Oklahoma and a part of that now known as the Indian Territory. In 1828 the western boundary line 
was again changed and made practically identical with the present western bomidary of Arkansas, and the territory thus defined was 
admitted as the State of Arkansas June 15, 1836. 

1821. State of Blissouri formed, the boundaries nearly identical with those now existing (except as to the northwest corner), the 
remaining undivided area of the Louisiana purchase retaining the title of Blissouri Territory until 1834, when it was given the title of The 
Indian Country. 

1838. Territory of Iowa formed, including the present State of Iowa, and extending thence northward to the Canadian line and 
including all territory between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, comprising most of the present State of Minnesota and the eastern 
portion of the present States of North and South Dakota. ' In 1845 an enal>ling act was passed for the admission of Iowa as a State, its 
northern boundary being somewhat farther north than at present and its western boundary an arbitrary line running due north and 
■ south, excluding all that portion fronting upon the Missouri Eiver and including in the then hmits of Iowa about two-thirds of the eastern 
portion of the State as at present defined. This, however, was not accepted, and in 1846 another enabling act was passed by which the 
western boundary was extended to the Missouri River and the present northern boundary established. 

1849. Territory of Minnesota organized, comprising the area of the present State of Minnesota and that part of North and South 
Dakota lying east of the Missouri Kiver. In 1858 Minnesota was admitted as a State and the western portion of the territory not included 
in the State was in 1861 combined with a part of Nebraska and organized as the Territory of Dakota. The State of Minnesota also 
includes about 52,319 square miles of the area of the original thirteen States. 

1854. Territory of Kansas organized, with practically its present boundaries, except that its western Hmit extended to the summit 
of the Rocky Mountains and included a part of the present State of Colorado. In 1861 Kansas was admitted as a State, and the western 
boundary line changed to its present location. 

1854. Territory of Nebraska formed, with its southern line identical with the southern line of the present State of Nebraska, but 
extending westward to the Rocky Jilountains, the Territory thus including all that area between the southern Ime above described and 
Canada on the north, the Missouri River on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. The northern portion of this area was 
designated in 1861 as the Territory of Dakota, and in the same year the formation of the Territory of Colorado removed a section from 
the southwestern portion of the area then designated as Nebraska, while in the formation of the Territory of Idaho in 1863 the western 
boundary of Nebraska was fixed at about its present location. Admitted as a State March 1, 1867. 

1861. Territory of Dakota organized from parts of Nebraska and IMiunesota Territories. Its eastern boundary was practically 
identical with that now separating the State of Minnesota from North and South Dakota, and its southern boundary identical with that 
separating Nebraska from South Dakota, and extending westward to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and thence northward to the 
Canadian line. In 1863 the western portion of Dakota was transferred to the Territory of Idaho, and in 1889 the boundary between 
North and South Dakota was named, and the two sections severally admitted as States. 



1901.] 



TEEEITOELAL EXPAJ>fSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



977 




No. 5.— 1800. "Terkitoky Nokthwest of the Ohio" Divided and the Western Pakt Okganized as "Indiana Territory." 




No. 6. — 1802-1804. Ohio Admitted as a State and the Eemainder op the Territory Northwest of the Ohio Attached to 
Indiana Territory (1802).— Georgia Cedes Her Western Territory to the Union (1802), and this Abea and the Unoh- 

GANIZED TeKRITOKY SoUTH OP TENNESSEE WERE INCORPORATED WITH MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY (1804). 



978 TEEEITOEIAl, EXPAl^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, 

1861. Territory of Colorado organized boundaries identical with those of the present State of Colorado, being made up from portions 
of Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas and Nebraska, the northeastern section being taken from the Louisiajia purchase, the central and 
southeastern portion from the Texas annexation, and all of the remainder from the Mexican cession. 

1863. Territory of Idaho, formed from parts of Nebraska, Dak(.)ta, and Wasliington Territories, and included, Isesides the present 
State of Idaho, all of the territory now known as Montana and Wyoming. Its boundaries were, therefore, Dakota and Nebraska on the 
east, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada on the south, Oregon and Washington on the west, and Canada on the north, the portion east of the 
Rocky Mountains being taken from the Louisiana pui'chase, and that West of the Rocky filountains from the Territory of Oregon. 

1864. IMontana Territory was formed fi-om the northeastern portion of Idaho Territory. 

1868. Wyoming Territory formed from the southeastern part of the Idaho Territory; in 1890 Idaho and Wyoming admitted as 
States. Wyoming has the unique distinction of being the only State which contains within its boundaries territory originally included 
in four different additions to the territory of the United States, viz, parts of the Louisiana purchase, the Texas Territory ceded to the 
United State.s, the Mexican cession, and the Oregon Territory. 

• AREA, POPULATION, AND PRODUCTION. 

The land area of the Louisiana purchase exceeds that of the original thirteen States, being 864,944 square miles, against a total land 
area of 820,944 square miles in the original thirteen States. The States and Territories which have licen created in whole or in part 
from its area number fourteen, and their pojjulation in 1900 was 14,708,616, against a population of less than 100,000 in the tenitory at 
the time of its purchase. Their total area is nearly one-third that of the entire LTnion, and their population about one-fifth that of 
the entire United States. They produced in 1890 164,000,000 bushels of wheat, and m 1900 264,000,000 bushels, at a value in 1900 of 
1152,000,000, their total wheat production being over 50 per cent of that of the entire United States. They produced 603,000,000 
bushels of corn in 1890 and 1,013,000,000 bushels in 1900, with a value in 1900 of $314,000,000, their total corn crop forming in 1890 40 
per cent and in 1900 48 per cent of the total corn crop of the United States. Of oats they produced in 1900 311,000,000 bushels, or 38 
per cent of the total product of the coimtry, with a valuation of $71,000,000. Their production of barley in 1900 was valued at over 
§10,000,000, and of rye at over $2,000,000; while their production of potatoes in 1900 amounted to over ?25,000,000, of hay $130,000,000, 
and of cotton ?50,000,000. The total value of the agricultui-al products of the States formed from the Louisiana purchase, including in 
that category simply wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, was in 1890 5670,000,000 and in 1900 §755,000,000. The 
wool product of these States amounted in 1894 to 61,871,357 pounds, and in 1900 to 100,390,982 pounds, or 35 per cent of the total wool 
product of the United States, with an estimated value of about $15,000,000, or equal to the cost of the entire area. The value of the 
farm animals in these States in 1890 was 1772,000,000, and in 1900 $825,000,000. Add to these easily measured farm products the 
estimated value of the wool, the sugar, the dairy and poultry products, and the proportion of the live stock annually turned into 
provisions, and it may be safely estimated that the agricultural products of a single year amount to one hundred times the original cost 
of the area; or, in other words, that its cost is repaid by 1 per cent of the agricultural productions of each recurring year. 

MINERAL WEALTH. 

The product of the mines is also of very great value. The coal produced in this area in 1899 amounted to 22,000,000 tons, against 
14,000,000 tons in 1890; the iron ore to 8,491,000 tons in 1900, against 1,269,000 tons in 1890; the silver product of 1899, $50,300,768 in 
coining value, against $44,799,998 in 1890, and gold, $37,712,400 in 1899, against $10,650,000 in 1890. 

BANKING STATISTICS. 

The prosperity shown by these figures is further evidenced by the banking institutions of the States formed from this territory. 
Their capital stock amounted in 1900 to over $80,000,000; their circulation to $36,600,000, against $15,644,000 in 1890; their loans and 
discomits in 1900 to $317,563,000, agamst $269,016,000 in 1890, and their total resources in 1900 to $1,099,111,000, against $746,903,000 in 
1890, while a still more gratifying evidence of the prosperity of this section is the fact that individual deposits in national banks in 1900 
amounted to $329,699,000, against $216,609,000 in 1890, an increase of more than $110,000,000 in individual deposits dm-ing the decade. 

EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS. 

A study of educational conditions shows equally rapid and gratifying development. The pupils enrolled in the public schools in 
the States in question in 1890 numbered 2,580,495, and in 1899, 3,161,112; the teachers employed numbered, in 1890, 89,558, and in 1899, 
102,202, and the expenditure for public schools in 1890 was $30,284,752, and in 1899, $37,185,881. The number of pupils in attendance 
at high schools in 1899 was 113,847, with 4,937 teachers; normal schools, 15,843 students, with 625 teachers, and at higher educational 
institutions, 40,249 students, and 3,925 teachers. The total figures for schools and educational institutions in the fourteen States formed 
from the Louisiana purchase show: Teachers, in 1890, 95,365; in 1899, 111,689; attendance, in 1890, 2,670,541; m 1899, 3,331,051. 

NEWSPAPERS, POST-OFFICES, AND RAILW^AYS. 

The number of newspapers and periodicals published in this area in 1890 was 4,759, and in 1900, 5,618; the number of post-offices 
in 1890, 12,919; in 1900, 16,228; the miles of railway in operation in 1890 numbered 51,823, and in 1899, 59,324, or 31 per cent of the total 
railway mileage of the country. 

FUTURE POSSIBILITIES CONSIDERED. 

The powet of this vast area with its agricultural and mineral wealth to sustain a population much greater than that which it now 
supports is su^ested by a comparison of its area with the area and population of the prosperous countries of Europe. The total area is 
875,025 square miles and is slightly less than that of the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and 
Switzerland, whose total area is 885,978; with a present poimlation of 202,363,573, as against a present population of 14,708,616 in the 
territory under consideration, whose agricultural and mineral possibilities fully equal those of the European States named. 



1901.] 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPAISSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



979 




No. 7. — 1803. Louisiana Pdechase Added to the Terkitoby op the United States, more than DotTBLiNO its Land Area. 




No. 8. — 1804. Territory of Orleans Formed from Southern Part of the Louisiana Purchase and the Remainder Designated 

as Louisiana District. 



980 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, 

HISTORICAIj sketch of the state of TEXAS. 

The Erench and Spanish contended for the territory now known as Texas in the early period of its history. The little city of 
Yaleta, located on the Rio Grande near El Paso, claims to be the site of a mission built by Coronado iu 1540, twenty-five years earlier 
than the founding of St. Augustine. Aside from this, the first recorded attempt to establish a settlement within the present limits of 
the State was that of La Salle, who, in 1685, conducted a colony of French emigrants from France with the purpose of establishing a 
settlement at the mouth of the Jlississippi, but sailing past it unawares landed in Matagorda Bay and erected Fort St. Louis on the Lavaca. 
In 1689 a Spanish officer, Captain De Leon, was sent to drive the French out of the country, but on arrival found the garrison already 
scattered, and in the following year established the mission of San Francisco on the site of Fort St. Louis. A Spanish governor was 
appointed in 1691, but the settlement was soon abandoned. 

In 1714 the French again attempted to settle the country through an expedition sent from Louisiana by Crozat, to whom all of 
Louisiana had been granted in 1712. His exiaedition was, however, captured by the Spanish, and for twenty years following the Span- 
iards held control, giving to the country the name of "The New Philippines," the Philippines of the Orient having been then for more 
than a century under their control. 

In 1735 a French settlement was established beyond the Red River, and the Spaniards finally conceded the French a right to that 
region. In 1762 the cession of Louisiana by France to Spain terminated the contest between the French and Spanish for control of this 
territory, which, however, was renewed between the Americans and the Spanish on the cession of the Louisiana territory to the United 
States. Spain claimed not only all of the present State of Texas, but territory east of the Sabine River, while the United States claimed 
title as far as the Rio Grande. From 1806 to 1819 the question was undetermined, and this period was marked by numerous invasions 
or attempted invasions by parties of Americans, beginning with the projected movement of Aaron Burr and including the engagement 
at San Antonio in 181.3, in which all but 100 of a force of 2,500 Americans and Mexicans were slain, and nearly 700 of the peaceable 
inhabitants of San Antonio murdered. 

In 1819 the boundary between Texas and the United States was fixed at the Sabine River. 

In 1820 Moses Austin, who was then residing in JNIissouri, received a grant of land in Texas from the Spanish authorities of Mexico, 
and his son, Stephen F. Austin, conducted a colony to a point near the present city of Austin, and this was soon followed by other 
colonies. 

In 1824 Texas and the province of Coahuila were established as a Mexican State and a Mexican commandant placed in charge. 
His treatment of American citizens created great dissatisfaction, and in 1833 the American settlers, who at that time numbered fully 
20,000, held a convention, prepared a State constitution, and sent Col. S. F. Austin to the city of Mexico to request that Texas be 
established as a separate State of the Mexican Republic. He was detained until 1835 and Mexican troops sent to occupy the territory. 
Several engagements occurred during 1835 in which the Texans were successful, and in November, 1835, a provisional government was 
formed, Henry Smith elected governor, Sam Houston commander in chief, and S. F. Austin a commissioner to the United States. On 
December 22 a declaration of independence was issued. Santa Anna, then President of the Mexican Republic, entered the State at the 
head of 7,500 men, suppressed the revolt, and during this period occurred the storming of the Alamo, a fort near San Antonio and the 
slaughter of its garrison numbering 172 men, who on its capture after eleven days' siege by 4,000 Mexicans, were all slaughtered except 
3 persons — a woman, a child, and a servant — the Mexican loss during the siege being 1,600. General Houston, in command of the 
Texan troops, finally succeeded in defeating the Mexican forces and captured Santa Anna, ending the war; and in September, 1836, 
Houston was elected president, and on October 22 inaugurated. 

In March, 1837, the United States acknowledged the independence of Texas, and similar action was taken by France in 1839, and 
by England, Belgium, and Netherlands in 1840. In August, 1837, according to A. Johnston (p. 97, Vol. I, of Lalor's Cyclopedia of 
Political Economy and United States History) , the minister of the Republic of Texas made application to the Executive for membership 
in the United States, but the proposition to that effect introduced in the Senate by Preston of South Carolina was tabled by a vote 
of 24 to 14: 

In 1843 President Tyler, according to the American Cyclopa;dia (vol. 15, pages 405, 678), made propositions to the president of 
Texas for its annexation to the United States, and a treaty to that effect was framed on April 12, 1844, and submitted to the Senate, but 
rejected June 8. 

In January, 1845, the United States House of Representatives, by a vote of 120 to 98, passed a resolution providing for the annexa- 
tion of Texas, and after long discussion it passed the Senate by a vote of 27 to 25 and on March 1 was approved by President Tyler, 
three days before the close of his term, and a representative sent to Texas to submit the proposition. A convention, called by the presi- 
dent of Texas approved the proposition for annexation (July 4, 1845) and prepared a State constitution, which was approved by popular 
vote, and on December 29, 1845, a joint resolution of Congress declared Texas admitted into the Union as a State. 

The boundaries of Texas as admitted differ materially from those forming the present limits of the State, having included the eastern 
half of the present Territory of New Mexico, the central portion of the present State of Colorado, and a small section in the present States 
of Wyoming and Kansas. In 1850 Texas ceded to the United States that portion of its territory outside its present State lines and was 
paid ^10,000,000 in bonds, which sum was applied to the payment of the State debt. 

Provision for the division of Texas into five States was made by the joint resolution of Congress by which Texas was admitted. 
It provided that "new States of convenient size, not exceeding four in number in addition to the said State of Texas, and having 
suflicient population, may hereafter, by consent of said State, be formed out of the territory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission 
under the provisions of the Federal Constitution." Of this Alexander Johnston, the historian, says: "It is now practically impossible 
to obtain any such consent from the State, and its size must remain imdiminished until the development of separate interests within it 
shall produce a division naturally." Apropos to this suggestion, it may be said that the present area of Texas is about 50 per cent greater 
than that of Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee combined, and is nearly equal to the combined area of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, 
Mississippi, and Louisiana. It could retain its present distinction of being the largest State of the Union and yet spare sufficient territory 
to make four States equal in size to the group known as the Middle States — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware — 
whose combined population is 15,638,531. The present area of the State exceeds that of England and Germany, whose combined 
population is now over 85,000,000. 



1001.] 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPAJ^SION OF THE TINITED STATES. 



981 





No. 9. — 1805. Michigan Terkitory Formed from Northeastern Part of Indiana Territory. 




No. 10. — 1809. Indiana Territory Divided and Western Portio.v called Illinois Territory. 



982 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, 

RECENT GROWTH. 

The recent development of the State of Texas is suggested by the fact that its population increased from 2,235,523 in 1S90 to 3,048,710 
in 1900; its com production, from G3,S02,000 bushels in 1890 to 81,083,000 bushels in 1900; its oats, from 11,059,000 bushels in 1890 to 
28,278,000 bushels in 1900. The value of its cotton crop increased from $67,761,000 in 1888 to $92,187,000 in 1899, ami the value of its 
farm i-)roducts, including wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, increased from ^128,988,465 in 1890 to $158,785,414 in 
1900, wliile the value of its cattle increased from "f;75,227,000 in 1890 to $95,255,000 in 1900. 

Tlie number of national banks in the State increased from 189 in 1890 to 223 in 1900; their circulation, from $3,821,000 in 1890 to 
$7,177,000 in 1900; their loans and discounts, from $48,814,000 to $56,453,000; their total resources, from $83,099,000 to $103,418,000, and 
their individual depo.sits, from $30,450,000 in 1890 to $49,749,000 in 1900. 

The number of pupils enrolled in the public schools in 1890 was 466,872, and by 1899 had increased to 552,503. The number of 
teachers in the public schools in 1890 was 10,880, and in 1899 was 14,989. The total expenditure tor public schools in 1800 was $3,178,300, 
and in 1899, $4,476,457; and the attendance at schools of all classes, including public schools, high and normal schools, and higher 
educational institutions, was in 1890, 476,992, and in 1899, 576,329. 

The number of post-officea during the decade increased from 2,139 to 3,011; the number of newspapers and periodicals, from 542 to 
794, and the miles of railway in operation, from 8,710 in 1890 to 9,722 in 1899. • 

THE MEXICAN CESSION. 

The first historical account of the visit of the white man to the great area north of the Eio Grande formerly known as New ]Mexico 
is that of the wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca, who accompanied De Narvaez to Florida in 1528, and after the movement of de Narvaez and 
party westward along the Gulf coast and the subsequent death of de Narvaez and some of his party, made his way with the few remaining 
followers across the continent, reaching San Miguel in Sonora in May, 1536. His accounts of the trip led to the exploration of the 
country in question, subsequently called, respectively, New Mexico and California. In 1539 Marcos de Niza visited the country, and in 
the following year Coronado crossed the country north of the Gila eastward beyond the Eio Grande among the Pueblo Indians, who 
then occupied the country, and they were followed by others. Toward the close of the century Juan de Ofiate was sent by the viceroy 
of I\Iexico to take formal possession of the country in the name of Spain and establish colonies, missions, and f'jrts. This date ia 
variously stated at from 1595 to 1599. IMissions were established, mines opened and worked, and the enterprise flourished until the 
Indians rebelled against enslavement, and in 1680 drove the Spaniards out. In 1698 the Spaniards regained possession of the country, 
and it remained a province or State of Mexico until 1846. 

The annexation of Texas in 1845 was quickly followed by war with Mexico, the direct cause being a disagreement as to whether 
the Nueces Elver or the Eio Grande formed the true boundary between Texas and Mexico, the Mexican Government claiming all 
territory south of the Nueces, and the United States claiming the territory between the Nueces and the Eio Grande. War with Mexico 
was declared in May, 1846. Immediately following this declaration Gen. Stephen Kearny, who had command of the Army of the West, 
was ordered to take iiossession of the area known as New ^lexico, and in June set out from Fort Leavenworth with 1,600 men, crossed 
the country and took possession of Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, August 18, 1846. He then took formal possession of the State 
and appointed Chai-les Bent provisional governor and moved westward, his original instructions having been to conquer California as 
well aa New Mexico. 

CALIFORNIA. 

The earliest recorded visit of the white man to California is that of an expedition sent from Mexico in 1534 by Cortez, then 
governor of that country, to explore the country northward. A romance published in Spain many years earlier had described the doings 
of a queen of amazons who ruled an island rich in gold, diamonds, and pearls "on the right hand of the Indies known as California," 
and Cortez and his lieutenant, Grijalva, believing that they w'ere in the neighborhood of the coast of Asia, called the country thus 
discovered ' ' California. ' ' 

The first settlements made in the country thus named were those of the Jesuit missionaries who were located in Lower California 
in 1683. Sir Francis Drake had in 1578 passed up the western coast of America and touching temporarily at a bay on the wc.-tern 
coast, believed by some to have been the Bay of San Francisco, called the country New Albion, or New England, remaining, hov.ever, 
but a very short time. Explorations northward from the settlements in Old, or Lower, California, were only made in the following 
centur}', and the first mis.sion planted in Upper, or "Alta," California, as it was termed in the Spanish language, was established at 
the present site of San Diego in 1769. The Bay of San Francisco was not reached until 1770, and a mission was established there in 1776. 
Eighteen missions had been established by the close of the century with over 15,000 converts among the Indians. The Spanish power 
in Mexico was overthrown by the revolution of 1822, and California passed under control of the new governor of Mexico, which deprived 
the mis.sions of their control of the Indians, secularizing the government of the section then known as California. Ten years later 
immigrants began to arrive from the United States, and when the war with Mexico began in 1846 many thousands of citizens of the 
United States were residents of Califsrnia, which, however, was still a part of Mexico. 

Capt. John C. FriSmont had been sent in 1845 by the Government to explore the maritime region of Oregon and California, and in 
May, 1846, received instructions to watch the movements of the Mexicans in California, who, it was believed, were disposed to hand the 
province over to the British Government. He hurried to California, and finding the IMexican general marching against the American 
settlements, engaged his forces successfully, and on July 5, 1846, the Americans in California declared themselves indeijendent and 
elected Fremont governor of the province. Meantime Commodore Stockton had arrived with authority to conquer California, and he 
and Frfimont jointly took possession of Los Angeles. 

General Kearny, whose instructions on leaving Fort Leavenworth for New Mexico had been to "capture New Mexico and 
California," arrived in California in December, 1846, with a small part of his command, and refusing to sanction the election of Fremont 
as governor, in February, 1847, assumed that oflice himself and declared the annexation of California to the United States. 

The war between the United States and Mexico was terminated by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, and 
ratified by the Senate March 10, 1848. It transferred to the United States both New Mexico and California, the price being, accordmg 



190i.] 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPAISTSION OP THE imiTED STATES. 



983 




No. 11.— 1810-1812. United States Takes Control op Tekkitory East of Lower Mississippi River Ad.tacent to New Orleans 
(1810).— Orleans Territory Admitted as a State (1812), and Name of Louisiana Territory Changed to Territory of 
Missouri. 



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No. 12.— 1817. Territory of Alau.vma Formed from Eastern Portion of JIississippi Territory and Western Portion op 

Territory Admitted as State op Mississippi. 
No. 3 8 



984 TERRITOEIAL EXPAJSTSIOif OF THE UNITED STATES. [SHaPTBUBER, 

to Johnston, the historian, "$15,000,000, besides the assumption by the TTnited States of $3,250,000 in claims of American citizens against 
Mexico." 

Tlie territory included that part of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande, which was also claimed by Texas, and the disputed claim of 
Texas was afterwards, in 1850, settled by tlie payment of $10,000,000 by the United States to the State of Texas in full satisfaction of her 
claim. During the next five years disputes arose as to whether the Gila Kiver constituted the boundary line of that section now known 
as Arizona and New Mexico, and in the latter part of 1853, by the Gadsden purchase, the United States obtained from Mexico, on the 
payment of $10,000,000, the disputed territory as well as the right of free transit of troops, munitions, mails, and merchandise over the 
Isthmus of Tehuantepcc. 

The area added to the United States by the original Mexican cession, according to Johnston, was 545,783 square miles, and by the 
Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. Commissioner Hermann, in his "Louisiana purchase," page 69, gives the area of the IMexicau 
cession as 522,568 square miles, and the Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. 

. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE OREGON TERRITORY. 

The Oregon Territory had been long in dispute between the United States and Great Britain. Ferrelo, a Spaniard, had made 
exploring voyages along the coast in 1543. Sir Francis Drake moved northward along the Oregon coast in 1578, after his landing on 
the coast of California, described in the brief history of California above given; and several Spanish explorers visited the country 
between 1592 and 1775. In 1792, Capt. Robert Grey, a trader from Boston, entered the mouth of the Columbia and thus laid the 
foundation of the American title to Oregon. In 1805 the Lewis and Clarke exploring expedition dispatched by President Jefferson after 
the purchase of Louisiana, crossed the Rocky Momitains and following down the Columbia River, reached the Pacific coast at the mouth 
of the Columbia in November of that year, returning eastward in the sjiring of 1806. 

In 1811 John Jacob Astor and others established a fur-trading post at the mouth of the Columbia, calling it Astoria, and in 1833 
emigration to that region overland began, and by 1850 thousands of settlers from the United States had reached Oregon. The British 
Government, however, made claim to the section, and in 1813 captured Astoria, the settlement founded by Astor's Pacific Fur Companj', 
but in 1818 a treaty of joint occupation was made with the United States and Astoria restored to United States jurisdiction. From 1818 to 
1846 the country was jointly occupied by the United States and Great Britain. In that year a treaty was made Jay which the forty-ninth 
parallel and the Straits of Fuca were made the northern boundary of the United States possessions in the Oregon Territory, and the 
treaty was ratified June 15, 1846. An organic law had meantime been framed and accepted by the American settlers, and this formed 
the basis for a provisional government until Congress, in 1848, created the Territory of Oregon, which comprised all of the United States 
territory west of the summit of the Rocky JMountains and north of the forty-second parallel, and on March 3, 1849, the territorial 
government went into effect with Joseph Lane as governor. 

TRANSFORMATION OF THE MEXICAN CESSION AND OREGON TERRITORY INTO STATES. 

The discovery, exploration, settlement, and transfer to the United States of each of the above outlined sections — New Mexico, 
California, and Oregon — are given consecutively, since their definite addition to the territory of the United States and their formation 
into Territories and States are practically simultaneous. 

The population of New iMexico, California, and Oregon Territories given by the census of 1850, the first taken after their acquisition, 
is stated as follows: New Mexico, 61,547; California, 92,597; Oregon, 13,294; total, 167,438. 

New Jlexico was governed by the military until 1850, when a territorial government was organized by act of Congress. 

The discovery of gold in California, in 1848, attracted a large population, and the necessity for a substantial government becoming 
quickly apparent, a convention of delegates was called by the military governor of the Territory, General Riley, to meet at Monterey 
September 1, 1849. The constitution which it prepared was adopted on submission to the peoijle and California admitted as a State 
September 9, 1850, after a prolonged discussion in Congress over the slavery question, which delayed final action, but it was not until 
several years later that control by vigilance committees of the heterogeneous population drawn thither by the gold discoveries, terminated. 

The process by which the Mexican cession and Oregon Territory were transformed into their present political divisions is as follows: 

1S46. Control of Oregon Territory by the United States settled by treaty with Great Britain. 

1848. Mexican cession of New Mexico and California. 

September 9, 1850. State of California admitted and Utah Territory formed from northern portion of Mexican cession lying east of 
the northern part of California. 

December 3, 1850. Territory of New Mexico formed from that part of Mexican cession not included in California and Utah; also 
including part of territory claimed by Texas, for which Texas was paid $10,000,000. 

1853. Gadsden purchase, $10,000,000; made part of the Territory of New Mexico. Washington Territory formed from the northern 
part of Oregon Territory. 

1859. Western part of Oregon Territory admitted as a State and eastern part temporarily attached to Washington Territory. 

1861. Territory of Nevada organized from western part of Utah, and Territory of Colorado organized from eastern part of Utah, 
western part of Nebraska, and northern part of New Mexico and northwestern part of Kansas. 

1863. Idaho Territory formed from the eastern part of Washington Territory and western part of Dakota Territory. Arizona 
Territory formed from western part of New Mexico. 

1868. Montana formed from the northeastern part of Idaho. 

PRESENT CONDITIONS. 

The territory added by the Mexican cession had, as above indicated, a population of 165,524 at the census of 1850, the firet 
enumeration after the purchase. In 1890 it was 1,675,009, and in 1900, 2,122,378. This does not include any part of the State of 
Colorado, of which about one-third falls within the Mexican cession, but does include all of New Mexico, which is formed 'in part from 
territory which was claimed by Texas. The wheat production of the five States and Territories now representing the Mexican cession 
was m 1890, 33,066,000 bushels; in 1900, 37,444,934 bushels. The barley production of 1900 was 15,105,060 bushels, valued at $6,527,226, 



1901.] 



TEREITOETAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



985 




No. 13. — 1818. Terkitoky of Illinois Divided and State op Illinols Formed.— Kemaindek of Illinois Territory Attached to 

Michigan Territory. 




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No. 14. — 1819-1820. Florida Purchased from Spain (1819). — Arkansas Territory Formed from Southern Part of Territory of 
Missouri (1819). — Maine, Formerly a District of Massachusetts, Admhted as a State (1820). 



986 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPAifSION OP THE DOTTED STATES. 



[Septembkr, 



and the hay crop alone in 1900 was valued at 5!30,427,256, or twice as much as the sum paid to Mexico (exclusive of the agreement to 
settle the claims of American citizens, amounting to ?3,250,000) for the entire Territory. The States and Territories in question produced 
in 1900 nearly one-fourth of the wool grown in the United States, their total wool production being in 1900, 62,704,883 pounds, out of a 
total in the United States of 288,636,621 pounds. The total value of the production of wheat, corn, oats, rj'e, barley, hay, and potatoes 
in these five States and Territories in 1900 was §63,734,169, or practically four times the sum paid for their purchase. The number of 
horses and mules in 1900 was 627,108 and their value §20,374,787. The number of cattle in 1900 was 2,549,130, and their value ?5S, 761,330, 
against 557,713,266 in 1890. The number of sheep ia 1900 was 10,028,126, agamst 10,583,146 in 1890, and their value in 1900, $24,790,675, 
against §19,039,162 in 1890. The total value of farm animals in the five States and Territories formed from this purchase was in 1900 
§106,203,619, or six times its original cost. The silver production in 1899 was §14,018,715, coining value, and the gold production in 
1899, §24,017,800, against §17,830,000 in 1890. 

The growth in educational facilities during the decade in the States and Territories in question is shown by the fact that the pupils 
enrolled in public schools numbered in 1890, 292,626, and in 1899, 375,722; the number of teachers in pubhc schools increased dm-ing 
that period from 7,081 to 10,969, and the total expenditure for public schools from §6,010,242 to §7,752,941; and the total attendance at 
schools of all classes had increased from 312,945 to 403,427 and the number of teachers employed from 8,390 to 12,788. 

The number of post-offices increased from 2,119, in 1890, to 2,705, in 1900; the number of newspapers and periodicals published 
from 725, in 1890, to 911, in 1900, and the miles of railway in operation from 9,022 to 11,201. An additional evidence of the general 
prosperity of the citizens as a class is shown by the fact that the individual deposits in national banks increased from §25,517,000, in 
1890, to §46,334,000, in 1900; the circulation of the national banks in these States and Territories from §1,834,000 to §5,453,000, their 
loans and discoimts from §28,569,000 to §40,189,000, and the total resources of all banking institutions (national, State, private, and 
savings banks) in these States and Territories from §284,744,000 to 8446,281,000. 

The population of the three States formed from the original Oregon Territory was in 1890, 747,524, and in 1900, 1,093,411. Their 
production of wheat in 1890 was 22,306,000 bushels, valued at §16,851,802, and in 1900, 44,399,302 bushels, valued at §23,136,333. The 
value of the hay crop was in 1894, §15,655,831, and in 1900, §23,730,012. The wool produced was m 1894, 31,297,223 pounds, and in 1900, 
44,586,884 pounds. The value of cattle on farms and ranches was in 1890, §34,316,643, and m 1900, §36,595,280; of sheep in 1890, 
§8,239,875, and in 1900, §16,447,148, and of all farm annuals in 1900, §60,672,916. The gold produced in 1900 was valued at §4,003,900, 
and of silver, §4,971,312 (coining value) . The number of pupils in public schools was in 1890, 133,529, and in 1899, 219,097, and the 
expenditure for public schools in 1890, §1,933,110, and in 1899, §3,229,297. The number of post-offices was in 1890, 1,346, and in 1900, 
2,127. The banking resources were in 1890, §59,286,000, and in 1900, §72,877,000. 

ToT.VL Akea op the Okiginal Thirteen States as defined by the Peace Treaty op 1783, and its Distkibution into States. 

[Prepared by the General Land OfiSce, Interior Department] 



STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



Alabama! 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District o£ Columbia. 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucliy 

M^iine 

Maryland 

Massacliusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota ! 

Mississippi "^ 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Total 820,944 



Land 
surface 
(area). 



Sq. viilcs. 

49, 876 

4,794 

1,969 

59 

58,850 

56,004 

35, 860 

39, 898 

29, .894 

9,875 

8,038 

57, 530 



26, 
42, 

9, 

7, 
47, 
48, 
40, 
44, 

1, 
30, 
41, 

9, 
39, 
24, 
65, 



Water 
surface 
(area). 



Sq. mil€f;. 

318 

818 

411 

10 

586 

2,350 

727 

434 

3, 145 

2,422 

508 

40,460 

4, 855 

471 

321 

719 

6, 032 

3,702 

3,741 

1, 249 

166 

588 

370 

449 

2, 405 

161 

10,688 



Total 
area. 



Sq. miles. 

49, 194 

6,612 

2, 380 

69 

69,436 

58,354 

36,587 

40, 332 

33, 039 

12,297 

8,546 

97,990 

31,0116 
43,280 

9,377 

8,173 
53, 719 
52, 674 
44,464 
45, 928 

1,247 
31,048 
42, 056 

9,563 
42,330 
24,604 
65,805 



909,050 



Remarks. 



1,674 square miles of Lake Michigan included. 
230 square miles of Lake Michigan included. 



(16.653 square miles of Lake Superior; 12,922 of Lake Mich- 

L igan, and 9,925 of Lake Huron. 

2,614 square miles of Lake Superior included. 



3,140 square miles of Lake Ontario included. 

3,443 square miles of Lake Erie included. 
891 square miles of Lake Erie included. 



2,378 square miles of Lake Superior, and 7,500 of Lake 
Michigan included. 



1 Ipcludes only that portion of the State formed from territory within boundaries of original thirteen States. 



1901.] 



TEEEITORIAL EXPAJ^fSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



987 




No. 15. — 1821. State of Missouki Formed, but Name of JMissouei Territory Retained for teoe Undivided Portion of the 

Louisiana Purchase. 




No. 16. — 1824-1828. Eeduction op Area of Arkansas Territory in 1821 and in 1828. 



988 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Statistics op States of the Union Oeganized from Acquiked Teeritoey. 



[Seitember, 



STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


Date of act of 
organization 
as Territory. 


Population 
at census 

next 
following 
Territorial 
organiza- 
tion. 


Date of act of 

admission as 

State. 


Population 
at census 

next 
following 

1 admission 
as State. 


POPULATION 


BY CENSUS. 


Area in 
square mllea. 


Popula- 
tion per 
square 
mile. 


Capital. 




1890 


1900 


1900 




LorisiANA Pckchase: 


Jfar. 2, 1819 
Feb. 28,1861 


14, 255 
134,277 


June 15,1836 
Mar. 3,1875 


97, 674 
194, 327 < 


1,128,179 

412,198 

180, 182 

1,911,896 

J, 1,427,096 

1,118,587 

1,301,826 

2,679,184 

132, 159 

1,058,910 

182, 719 

61,834 

328, 808 

60, 705 


1,311,664 

539, 700 

391,960 

2,231,863 

1,470,495 

1,381,625 

1,751,394 

3,106,665 

243, 329 

1,068,-539 

319, 146 

398,245 

401,570 

92,631 


53,045 
103,646 
31,000 
55,475 
81,700 
45,420 
79,205 
68,735 
146,310 
76,840 
70,195 
38,830 
76,860 
97,575 


24.72 

6.21 
12.64 
40.23 
18 

30.42 
22. 11 
45.19 

1.67 
13.90 

4.54 
10.26 

5.22 
.95 


Little Rock. 




Denver. 


Indian Territory 




Iowa 


June 12,1838 
May 30,1864 
Jlar. 3, 1805 
Mar. 3,1849 
June 4,1812 
May 26,1864 
May 30,1854 
Mar. 2,1861 
May 2, 1890 
Mar. 2,1861 
July 25,1808 


43,112 
107,206 

76, 566 

0,077 

2 20,845 

20,595 

28,841 

(») 

61,834 

'"^,118 


Mar. 3,1845 
Jan. 29,1861 
Apr. 8,1812 
May 11,1858 
Mar. 2,1821 
Feb. 22,1889 
Feb. 9,1867 
Feb. 22,1889 


192,214 
1107,206 
2 76,566 
172, 023 
6 66,657 
132, 169 
122,993 
182,719 


Des Moines. 




Topeka. 




Baton Rouge. 




St. Paul. 




Jeffersju Citv 




Helena. 






Nortli Daliota . 


Bismarck. 




Guthrie. 


Soutli Daliota 


i?eb. 22,1889 
July 10,1890 


328,808 
60, 705 


Pierre. 










Total 


427,553 




11,984.283 


14,708,616 


1,023,825 


14.37 






Feb. 24,1863 








Mexican Cession: 


9,658 

* 92, 597 

61,647 

1 6, 857 

11,380 




59,620 

1,208,130 

1.53,593 

46, 761 
207,905 


122,931 

1,486,053 

195,310 

42, 335 

276,749 


112, 920 
158,980 
122,460 
109, 740 
82,190 


1.09 
9.62 
1.69 
.38 
3.36 


Phoenix. 




Sept. 9,1850 


92,597 




New Mexico 


Sept. 9,1850 
Mar. 2,1861 
Sept. 9,1850 


Santa Fe. 




Mar. 21,1864 
July 16,1894 


42, 491 
207,905 




Utah 


Salt Lake City 






Total 






1,675,009 


2,122,378 


583,290 


3.64 






Mar. 3, 1863 
Aug. 14,lSt8 
Mar. 2,1863 




July 3,1890 
Feb. 14,1859 
Feb. 22,1889 








14, 999 
13,294 
11,594< 


84,385^ 
52,465 
349,390 


84,385 
313,767 
349, 390 


161,772 
413,636 
518, 103 


84,290 
94,560 
66,880 


1.92 
4.37 
7.74 


Boise. 




Salem. 




Olympia. 




Total 






747,542 


1,093,411 


245,730 


4.45 










Dec. 29,1845 








* 212, 592 


212,592 


2,235,523 


3,048,710 


262,290 


11.62 


Austin. 














16, 642, 367 
63,069,766 


20,973,116 
76,304,799 


2, 115, 135 
2,970,038 


9.91 
25.69 


































19 
26.43 


19.27 
27.48 


34.47 
71.21 






United States. 














States. 















1 Census of 1860. 

2 Census of 1810. 

spopulation of Dakota Territory by census of 1860, 4,837. 



4 Census of 1850. 
s Census of 1820. 
eCensusof 1890. 



1901.] 



TEEEITOKIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



989 




No. 17.— 1834. PoHTiON OF Missouri Territory Lying North op the State of Missouri, Extending North to the Canada Line 
AND West to the Missouri and White Earth Rivers Attached to the Territory of Michigan. — Eemainder op the Missouri 
Territory Designated as the Indian Country. 




jjo. 18. — 1836-18.37. Terbitoky of Wisconsin Formed from Western Part of the Territory op Michjga.v in 1836, and Rkmainijer 
Admitted as the State ot' IMiciiigan in 1837. — Boundary Line op Missouri Extended to the Missouri River at tob 
Northwest Corner of the St.vie (1836). 



990 



TERRITOEIAL EXPAl^SIOiv" O' THE UNITED STATES. 

Statistics of States op toe Union Organized from Acquiked Tebritory — Continued. 



[Septemrer, 





WHEAT PnODUCTION. 


CORN PEODDCTION. 


0.4TS PRODUCTION. 


STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


Bushels. 


Value. 


Bushels. 


Value. 


Bushels. 


Value. 




1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


isoa 


Louisiana Pue- 
cnASE: 

Arkan,«as 

Colorado 


1,575,000 

1,777,000 

19,011,000 

28,195,000 


2,689,418 

7,207,117 

21,798,223 

82,488,655 


Dollars. 
1,543,619 
1,439,010 
15,233,123 
21,709,842 


Dollars. 
1,748,122 
4,2.52,199 
12,860,952 
45,368,760 


33,443,000 
767,000 

232,439,000 
.55, 269, 000 
16,979,000 
21,286,000 

175,345,000 


45,22.5,947 

3, 188, 941 

30.5,8.59.948 

163, 870, 630 

24,702,698 

31,794,708 

180,710,404 

23, 970 

210,430,064 

381,184 

14,144,052 

32,418,819 

81,702 


Dollars. 
21,737,952 
483,097 
95,300,164 
28,187,241 
11,885,093 

8,910,136 
77,151,802 

'26,'.5i8,"992' 
3, COD, 000 


Dollars. 

19,447,1.57 

1,. 530, 692 

82,682,186 

52,438,602 

12,351,299 

9, 220, 465 

57,827,329 

14,142 

65,233,320 

100, 097 

3, 677, 4.54 

9,401,458 

49,021 


3,967,000 
2,498,000 
71, 397, 000 
31,269,000 
567,000 
38,402,100 
24,579,000 
2,797,000 
22,430,000 
10, 000, 090 


7,038,665 

3,272,390 
130,572,138 
43,063,943 
614,142 
41,907,046 
24,695,373 

2,568,735 
37,778,572 

6,299,284 


Dollars. 
2, 102, 361 
1,248,990 
27,130,903 
11,882,302 
345,849 
14,208,796 
9,585,707 
1,650,398 
8,747,761 
3,000,000 


Dollars. 

2,463,533 

1,407,128 

26,114,428 


Kansas 


9,904,707 
245, 667 


Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

North Dakota.. 


38,356,000 
17,638,000 
1,488,000 
16,315,000 
10,000,000 


61,509,252 
18, 840, 713 
1,929,963 
24,801,900 
13,176,213 
18,657,373 
20,149,084 
366,414 


31,068,187 
14, 039, .581 

1,190,680 
U, 639, 428 

7,000,000 


32,4.50,829 

11,873,429 
1,177,277 

13,145,007 
7,612,204 
9,SSS,408 

11,686,817 
278,475 


10,0.57,691 
5,679,936 
1,078,869 


55,310,000 
6,0(!0,000 


9,006,857 
2,015,771 


South Dakota . . 


30,411,000 


21,287,719 


6,030,000 


3,015,233 


14,846,000 


12, 653, 266 
630,272 


4,950,815 


3,036,784 
296,228 


















Total 


163,756,000 


263, 620, 925 


126,751,189 


152,372,479 


602,868,000 


1,012,882,967 


276,249,710 


313,933,222 


222,752,000 311,093,826 


.84,853,882 


71,307,589 


Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

California 

New Mexico . . . 

Nevada 

Utah 


811,000 
29,121,000 
1, 105, 000 

250,000 
2, 279, 000 


365,637 

28,513,628 

3,847,347 

991,196 
3, 697, 106 


280,044 

22,131,778 

1,050,170 

214,658 
1,777,927 


288,869 

16,66.5,304 

2,616,196 

693,837 

2, 033, 408 


















4,396,000 
1,126,000 


1,351,975 
554,752 


2,867,694 
821,819 


824,705 
355,041 


1,943,000 
392, 000 


1,477,771 
229,994 


1,088,087 
223,394 


079,775 
110,397 


739,000 


169,180 


602,299 


106,583 


1,059,000 


918,214 


582,177 


404,014 






Total 


33,066,000 


37,444,934 


25,4.54,577 


22, 187, 614 


6,261,000 


2,075,907 


4,181,812 


1,286,329 


3,394,000 


2,625,979 


1,893,658 


1,194,185 


Oeegon: 


1,370,000 

12,805,000 

8,071,000 


3,104,629 
16, 198, 012 
25, 096, 661 


1,068,931 
9,648,844 
6,134,027 


1,428,129 

8,908,907 

12,799,297 










1,093,000 
6, 658, 000 
3,497,000 


1,349,846 
3,282,770 
3,016,226 


631,055 
3,329,100 
1,013,652 


639,938 




173,000 


317,147 
106, 140 


114,205 


180,774 
62, 623 


1,345,935 


Washin^on ... 


1,200,490 








Total 


22, 306, 000 


44,399,302 


16,851,802 


23,136,333 


178,000 


423,287 


114, 205 


243,397 


11,248,000 


7,648,811 


6,006,808 


3,092,364 


Texas 


3, 675, 000 


23,395,913 | 3,396,228 


14,973,384 


63,802,000 


81,962,910 


45,937,096 


38,522,568 


11,059,000 


28,278,232 6,082,692 


8,483,470 


Grand total . . 

Total United 

States 


223, 043, 000 
399,26-1,000 


368,801,074 
522,229,505 


172,483,796 
334,773,678 


212, 669, 810 
323,515,177 


673,104,000 
1,489,970,000 


1,197,295,071 
2,105,102,516 


326,453,423 
754,433,451 


353,985,516 
751,220,034 


248,453,000 
623,621,000 


349,646,878 
809,125,989 


98,437,040 
222,048,486 


84,137,609 
208,669,233 


Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of United States . 

Per cent grand 
total forms of 
United States.... 


41.02 
55.86 


50.48 
70.63 


37.86 
51.51 


47.09 
65.73 


40.45 
46.10 


48.11 
56.88 


36.61 
43.27 


41.79 
47.12 


42.54 
47.45 


38.44 
43.21 


38.21 
44.33 


34.2 
40.32 



1901.] 



TEERITOEIAL EXPAl^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



991 




No. 19.— 1838. Terkitoey of Iowa Formed from that Part op Wi.scoxsix Tkrritorv Lying Between the Mississippi and Missouri 

Rivers. 








No. 20.-1815. Texas Annexed and Admitted as a State. 



No. 



992 



TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Statistics of States op the Union Organized fisoii Acquired Territory — Continued. 



[Septembek, 





BARLEY PBODCCTION. 


RYE production. 


HAY CROP. 


POTATO 


CEOP. 


STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


Bushels. 


Yal 


lie. 


Bushels. 


Value. 


Value. 


Value. 




1893 


1900 


1893 


1900 


1893 


1900 


189S 


1900 


1894 


1900 


1891 


1900 


Louisiana Pur- 
chase: 






Dollars. 


Dollars. 


17,38.5 

119,343 

1,183.739 

1,245,377 


19,722 

39, 480 

1,806,570 

1,922,481 


Dollars. 

10,083 

59.672 

485,333 

473, 243 


Dollars. 
14,200 
21,319 
740, 094 
826, 667 


Dollars. 

2,192,021 

13,460,779 

2.5,31,8,990 

13, 364, 059 

761,856 

8, 063, 894 

16,832,308 

3, 188, 979 

8,006,689 

1.9.57,194 

8,210,679 

3, 018, 720 


Dollars. 

2, 022, 933 
13, .5.51, 811 
34,043,996 
18, 343, 148 
472,839 

9, 892, 241 
19,237,704 

5, 1.38, 725 
13,693,368 

1,397,398 

8, 153, 574 

3, 602, 150 


Dollars. 

720, 433 
1,691,043 
5,230,870 
3,016,978 

858,149 
2,270,782 
3,374,909 

276, 150 
1,854,371 
1,253,984 

839, .597 

229,860 


Dollar.*^. 
l,212,Kw 


Colorado 

Iowa 

Kanst'.s 


365. 315 

11,. 599, 066 

128,361 


314,266 

11,708,822 

4, 186, 802 


183,158 

3, 827, 692 

60,330 


157,133 
4,332,264 
1,381,545 


l,627,<s^o 

6,181,693 

3,478,188 

426,308 


Jliiinesota 

Missouri 

Monttina 

Nebraska 

North Dakota . 
i^oulh Dakota . 


9,268,011 

32,6t:0 

156, 008 

920,280 

2, ,S 11, 853 

2,387,231 


7,275,251 

14,830 

201,527 

587,382 

1, 998, 840 

1,543,371 


3,336,484 

13,064 

78,004 

285,287 

880,974 

787, 786 


2,764,595 

6,674 

96,733 

193, 83G 

699, 594 

478,507 


1,02.5,926 
?3S,541 


1,036,444 
131,498 


420, 630 
107,343 


435, ,306 
68,594 


2, 590, 817 

3,537,436 

.339, 6S7 


991, 648 
23,407 
83,655 


867,237 
83.990 
27,804 


347,077 

7.490 

30,952 


346,895 
34,436 
10,844 


4,73.5,679 
753,061 

1,4.51,103 
263, 862 






















Total 


27,099,785 


27, 831, 091 


.9,452,779 


10,110,981 


4,929,021 


5,938,226 


1,911,823 


2,498,955 


105,582,168 


129,449,893 


21,033,126 


25, 498, 445 


Mexican' Cession: 


298, 971 

17,116,110 

33, 329 

280,923 

236, 993 




155,465 

7, 188, 766 

19,331 

168,554 

106,647 












791,028 
30,629,647 

861, 465 
4,499,002 
2, 516, 061 


&»8,970 
22,071,594 

765, 676 
2,887,669 
4, 0.53, 347 


30,303 

682, .507 

37,080 

76,185 

243,446 




California 


14,856,170 
31,204 


6,388,153 
19,346 


604,000 


602,580 


302,400 


291,496 


1,477,657 
21,110 












l.'i3. 142 


Utah 


217,686 


119, 727 


42,769 


69,202 


20,101 


30,785 


311,. 520 


Total 


17, 9S6, .326 


15,105,060 


7,638,763 


6,527,226 


546,769 


561,782 


322,501 


322,281 


39, 197, 203 


30, 427, 256 


1, 069, 621 


1,963,4.59 


Oregox; 


308,910 

975, 096 

1,860,961 


399,012 

905, 928 

1,386,267 


163,722 
390,038 
725, 775 


199,506 
380,490 
640, 644 










2,485,587 
7,527,791 
5,612,453 


4,284,170 
11,404,178 
8,011,664 


3-59,624 
730, 3.56 
639,770 


321,518 


Oregon 

Washington . . . 


75,506 
35,062 


94,040 
39, 169 


6.3,119 
24,193 


57,361 
22,718 


761,409 
864, 633 


Totftl 


3,144,967 


2,691,207 


1,279,535 


1,120, MO 


110,568 


133.209 


79, 312 


80,082 


15,655,831 


23, 730, 012 


1,629,750 


1,947,560 


Tex \s 


39,977 


50,405 


24,786 


36,292 


49,569 


64,630 


33, 707 


43,302 


4,633,684 


3,732,377 


1,113,314 


806, .'iSS 






Grand total.. 

Total United 

States 


48, 851, 055 
69,869,495 


4.5,677,763 
58,92.5,833 


18,395,863 
28,729,386 


17,795,139 
24,075,271 


5,635,927 
26,555,446 


6,697,847 
23,995,927 


2,377,343 
13,612,222 


2,944,620 
12,295,417 


165,068,886 
468,578,321 


187,339,538 
445,538,870 


24,84.5,711 
91,626,787 


30,216,352 
90,811,167 


Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of United States. 

Per cent grand 
total forms of 
United States 


39. C4 

09.92 


47.23 
77.52 


32.9 
64.01 


42 
73.91 


18.56 
21.22 


24.75 
27.91 


14.27 
17.47 


20.32 
23.95 


22.53 
35.23 


29.06 
42.05 


22.98 
27.14 


28.08 
33.27 



]901.] 



TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



993 




No. 21.^1846. State op Iowa Fokmed from Southern Part of Iowa Territory. — Claim of ITxited States to Oregon Territory 
Settled by Treaty with Great Britain, Terminating Joint Occupation by United States and Great Britain, Followed by 
Immediate Withdrawal of L.attek. 




No. 22.— 1848. New Mexico and California Ceded to United States by Mexico on Payment of $15,000,000 and Assumption op 

$3,250,000 Claims of American Citizens Against Mexico. 



994 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UlSriTED STATES. 

Statistics op States of the Union Organized feom Acquered Terkitoey — Continued. 



[Skptembbk, 



states and 
territories. 


COTTON PRODUCTION. 


WOOL PEODCCTION. 


TOTAL VALDE OF ONE 

YEAR'S PEODUC- 

TION OP -WHEAT, CORN, 

OATS, BARLEY, 


HORSES AND 


STDLES ON FARMS. 


Bales. 


Value. 


Pounds. 


RYE, HAY, POTATOES, 
AND COTTON. 


Number. 


Value. 




1888 


1S99 


1888 


1899 


1894 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


LonisI.\SA PUK- 
cha.se; 
Arkansns 


597,290 


669,385 


Dollars. 
25,283,293 


DoUars. 
24,298,678 


1,290,408 
8,861,328 
6,247,480 
2,635,472 

876, 220 
3,015,480 
6,831,550 
17, G42, 079 
2, 421,. 522 
2,213,825 

127, 554 
1,916,628 
9,861,811 


441,303 

13,303,175 

3,813,186 

2,165,728 

475, 295 

2,761,809 

3, 420, 768 

26, 020, 120 

2,448,462 

2, 356, 328 

218,916 

21,422,661 

21,549,231 


DoUars. 

53,596,762 

18,471,749 

172,536,075 

78,693,995 

32,255,001 

68, 908, 909 

121,704,714 

6,384,211 

57,429,605 

4,099,642 


DoUars. 

51,207,478 

22, 448, 178 

165,856,213 

131,741,717 

39, 166, 103 

67,411,944 

98,231,102 

7,845,293 

106,314,862 

12,702,661 

13,565,862 

34,219,087 

4,489,842 


316,979 
145,835 

1,137,616 
821,032 
219,435 
406, 195 

1,019,866 
218,945 
587,828 
C) 


876,721 
154,293 
1,010,621 
815,262 
237,751 
467,921 
889,623 
147, 659 
702,683 
187,286 

59, 910 
294,468 

72,312 


Dollars. 
19,655,643 

8, 327, 804 
82,967,074 
53,317,337 
14,540,035 
31,771,171 
62,887,089 

9, 125, 262 
41,827,953 
P) 


Dollars. 
14,165,924 
4,467,908 
50, 519, 680 






















30, .523 648 


Louisiana 


446,778 


699,476 


18,904,054 


25,670,000 


11,066,025 

25, 746, 621 

32,102,039 

3,5'^6 702 
































30, .505, 179 
9, .■567, 646 
1,. 564, 077 

11,566,937 
1,426,760 


North Dakota 




















South Dakota 










39,122,781 
3, 848, 6S0 


P) 
144,4.50 


6,7K,981 
























Total 


1,044,068 


1,368,861 


44, 187, 347 


49, 968, 678 


61,871,357 


100,396,982 


070,052,024 


755, 200, 242 


5,331,418 


6,416,510 


352,349,067 


220, .549, 146 


MEXtcAN Cession: 










6,221,214 
26,275,158 
13,389,994 
11,047,936 
11,756,M3 


7, 529, .565 
13, 352, 010 
16,093,424 
11,592,903 
14,136,981 


1,256,840 
64,780,879 
3,013,259 
4,958,399 
5,748,658 


937,839 

48,288,684 

3,887,796 

2,734,648 

7,059,384 


35,600 

414,887 

62,693 

63,892 

143,454 


.53,462 
370, 411 
86,482 
43,428 
73,325 


1,724,675 
27,012,480 
2,052,136 
3,008,864 
5,017,364 


1 4.55 815 












14,783,142 

1,793,268 

737,248 

1,605,314 






















Utah 




















Total 










68,690,345 


62,701,883 


79,758,035 


63,908,3.51 


710,532 


627,108 


38,815,619 


20, 374, 787 














Oregon: 
Idaho 










5,788,140 

19,853,552 

5,655,531 


19,321,800 

18, 810, 192 

6,4.54,892 


4,711,920 
21,795,4.53 
14,709,870 


6,773,261 
23,039,058 
23,538,069 


139,569 
190, 156 
119,901 


128,710 
189,427 
172,861 


5, 889, 162 
8,678,634 
7, 645, 544 


2,896,314 
6,727,164 
6,809 489 


































Total 










31,297,223 


44,586,884 


41,217,243 


53,3.50,388 


449,626 


490,998 


22,213,340 


15, 432, 967 
















1,, 594, 305 


2,438,555 


67,761,358 


92,187,133 


23,529,155 


14,485,225 


128, 986, 465 


1.58,785,414 


1,503,490 


1,386,187 


55, 870. 755 


32,673,448 






Grand total.. 
Total United 
States 


2,633.373 


3,807,116 


111,851,705 


142,155,811 


185, 388, 080 
298,057,384 


222,173,974 
288,636,621 


920,013,767 


1,031,244,395 


8,055,066 
16,544,864 


7,920,803 
16,623,561 


471,248,681 
1,160,910,661 


295, 030, 348 
715,686,534 
















Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of United States . 










20.76 
62.2 


34,79 
76.98 






32. 2 
48.69 


84.67 
60.7 


30.85 
40.59 


31.65 


Per cent grand 
total forms of 
United States 








, 






41.22 



















> Horses and mules on farms in Dakota Territory in 1890: Number, 313,237; value, 822,163,718. 



1901.] 



TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



995 




No. 23. — 1849. Tekkitoky of Minnesota Fokmed from Northekn Portion op Former Territory of Iowa. 




No. 24. 1850. Texas Cedes 123,784 Square Miles op hek Nokthern Territory to the United States for the sum of $10,000,000. 



996 



TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Statistics of States of the Union Okganized from Acquiked Tekritoky — Continued. 



[September, 





NUMBER AND VALUE OP CATTLE ON FARMS 
AND RANCHES. 


NUMBER AND VALUE OF SHEEP ON FARMS 
AND RANCHES. 


NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS ON FARMS 
AND RANCHES. 


STATES AND 
TERKITORIES. 


Number. 


Value. 


Number. 


Value. 


Number. 


Value. 




1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1000 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1899 


1890 


1899 


Louisiana Pur- 
chase: 

Arkan)=as 

Colorado 


916. 333 
1,114,496 
3, 909, 049 
2, .580, 237 

473. 334 
1,109,373 
2, 290, 047 
1,014,801 
1, 726, 441 

(') 


419, 422 

1,115,421 

3,442,012 

2,867,224 

294,961 

1, 2X1, 003 

2,047,346 

959,808 

2,206,792 

431,371 

323, 971 

879, 200 

717,826 


Dollars. 

9,551,729 
19, 688, 763 
72,813,463 
44, 596, 699 

5,783,555 
20,419,729 
38,566,403 
17,908,189 
30,706,938 
(') 


Dollars. 

7,061,864 
31,682,202 
117,019,365 
85, 400, 091 

5,001,644 
34, 986, 245 
55,849,636 
26, 643, 663 
70, .549, 748 
12, 580, 992 

8,481,337 
27, 5)3, 227 
21,240,031 


269,484 

1,783.891 

475,816 

438,313 

115,082 

327, 375 

1,198,200 

1,989,815 

239,400 


108,957 

2,185,327 

619, 476 

275, 118 

113,206 

419, 218 

597, 619 

3,884,179 

322,057 

374, 110 

33,094 

381,882 

2,840,190 


Dollars. 

401.980 

3,778,281 

1,330,;!82 

870,271 

179,114 

800, 105 

2,506,754 

4,467,799 

503,338 

(=) 


Dollars. 

181,795 

6,250,036 

2,487,816 

835, 534 

179,203 

1,333,113 

1,851,711 

11,017,474 

1,090,807 

1,183,683 

83,380 

1,257,156 

9,964,806 


1,663,275 

29. 608 

6,805,000 

2,734,195 

706, 947 

527, 526 

5, 096, 000 

29,254 

2,309,779 


1,280,120 

20, 713 

3,408,281 

1, .591, 341 

796,498 

411,353 

2,949,818 

42,265 

1,353,671 

111,9.59 

89,891 

145,469 

22,345 


Dollars. 

4,091,6.57 

180, 737 

34,481,700 

15,256,810 

2,120,842 

2, 847, 686 

18,569,824 

198,926 

12,985,679 


Dollars. 

2,982,680 

103, 305 

19,690,800 

8,021,9.50 

2,341,70-1 

2,317,974 

11,696,028 

305, 156 

7,201,529 

080,712 

383, 835 


Kansas 

Louis'iana 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montei.na 

Nebraska 

North Dakota.. 


Soutli Dakota.. 
Wyoming 


1,228,294 


0) 

18,576,476 


1,017,373 


2,249,921 


5,200 


34,424 


824,083 
133,555 


Total 


17,433,011 16,972,357 


296,298,818 


604,040,645 


8,121,108 


12,154,432 


17,791,063 


37,719,514 


19,383,253 


12,223,724 


93,157,603 


56, 583, 311 






Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

Calif;>rnia 

New Mexico . . . 

Nevada 

Utah 


620,960 
966, 433 
1,403,732 
391, 926 
479,080 


381,861 
913,753 
679,359 
238,081 
336,076 


9,398,350 

19, 174, 134 

15,993,662 

5,978,194 

7,168,926 


6,591,343 

26,289,377 

12, 920, 038 

5,690,740 

8,269,832 


698, 404 
4,035,120 
3, 092, 736 

700,986 
2, 055, 900 


1,024,430 
2,001,501 
3,973,439 
657,773 
2,370,983 


1,152,367 
8,409,190 
3, 872, 106 
1,323,882 
4,281,617 


2,393,581 
5,710,282 
8, 622, 362 
1,914,120 
6, 150, 330 


20, 140 
647,000 
22,693 
19,232 
47,641 


23,286 

374,141 

30,204 

14, 441 

47,808 


90, 030 
3,176,476 
113,010 
101,931 
326, .819 


89,418 

1,073.907 

133, 503 

47,401 
332, 598 






Total 


3,862,131 


2,549,130 


57,713,206 


58,751,330 


10,583,146 


10, 028, 126 


19, 039, 162 


24, 790, 675 


766,606 


489,880 


3,807,860 1 2. 276. .827 






. -, 


Oregon: 

Idalio 


405,997 
851,458 
453,022 


397,928 
637,433 
390, 444 


7, 127, 676 
15,502,557 
11, 686, 510 


9,727,840 
15,776,411 
11,091,029 


487,357 

2,929,830 

673,060 


2,658,662 

2, 446, 695 

790,217 


1,072,185 
6, 622, 314 
1,545,346 


7,444,254 
6, 632, 676 
2,470,218 


31,000 
270, 164 
143,411 


75,718 
216, 430 
156,718 


155,000 

1,153,059 

785,892 


441, 438 




869, 831 


Washington 


886, 252 


Total 


1,710,477 1 1,425,805 


34,316,643 


36,595,280 


4,090,247 


5,895,574 


8,239,875 


16,447,148 


444,675 


448,896 1 2,093,951 


2, 197, 521 






Texas 


8,011,195 1 5,046,335 


75,227,682 | 95,254,682 


4, 752, 640 


2,416,721 


7,239,696 


4, 034, 063 


2,321,246 


2,684,987 | 8,073,292 


9,316,906 


Grand total .. 

Total United 

States 


31,010,844 
52,801,907 


25,993,627 
43,902,414 


463,556,309 
913,777,270 


694, 651, 937 
1,204,298,366 


27,547,141 
44,336,072 


30,494,853 
41,883,065 


52,309,796 
100,659,761 


83,591,400 
122,665,913 


22,905,680 
51,602,780 


15,847,487 
38,651,631 


107,132,712 
243,418,336 


70,374,565 
170,109,743 


Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of United States.. 

Per cent grand 
total forms of 
United States 


33.01 
58.74 


38.65 
59.21 


32.42 
50.73 


41.85 
57.08 


18.32 
62.13 


29.02 
72.81 


17.67 
5J.96 


30.75 
68.14 


37.66 
44.39 


31.62 
41 


38.27 
44.01 


33.25 
41,37 



1 Cattle on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 1,07*636; value, $17,783,874, 

2 Sheep on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 266,329; value, 8703,108. 
'Hogs on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 476,669; value, 82,389,518. 



1901.] 



TEREITOEIAL EXPAifSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



997, 




No. 25. — 1850. State or California and Territories of Utah and New IVIexico Formed from Part op Mexican Cession and Area 

PUEOHASED from TkXAS. 




No. 26. — 1853. "Gadsden Purchase" Ceded by Mexico for §10,000,000 and Added to New Mexico. — Washington Territory 

Formed from Northern Part of Oregon Territory. 



998 



TEERITORIAL EXPAS^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Statistics op States or' the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. 



[Sei^em p.er, 





TOTAL NrSIEER AND VALVE OF ANIMALS. 


GOLD PRODUCED 


SILVER PRODUCED 










STATES AND 
TERRITORIES. 


Number. 


Value. 


(COINING VALUE). 


(COINING VALUE). 








1890 


19001 


1880 


19001 


1890 


1899 


1890 


1899 


1890 


1899 


1890 


1899 


Loiisiana; Poe- 

CHASE: 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Indian Terri- 


3,166,071 
3,073,730 


2,18.5,220 
3,475,754 


Dollars. 
33,7M,019 
31,875,585 


Dollars. 
24,392,263 
42,503,461 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


Tons. 
3.57, W3 
2,762,503 

776,097 
3, 590, .538 
2, 017, 788 


Tons. 
753,173 
5 4, 298, 916 

1,372,703 
4,622,749 
3,439,524 


Tons. 


Tons. 


4,150,000 


25,982,800 


24,307,070 


29,301,527 


114, 275 


307, 5.57 


Tr \l-l' 


11,327,4.51 
6, .573, 777 
1,514,798 
2,370,469 
9,604,113 
3,252,845 
4,863,448 


8,480,390 
5,548,945 
1,442,415 
2,53-5,495 
6, 484, 406 
5, 033, 911 
4, .5.5.5. 203 
1, 1(M, 726 
606,866 
1,701,019 
3,682,673 


191,592,619 
114,041,117 
22, 623, .546 
55,838,591 
122, 530, 070 
31,700,176 
80,023,808 


159, 617, 661 

124,781,823 
18, .588, 576 
64, 3S3, 953 

101,. 502, 414 
41,492,905 

109,317,263 
23, 813, 033 
10,512,629 
41,191,403 
32,705,152 














Kansas 

Louisiana 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montnna 

Nebraska 

Kortli Dakota . 






































891,910 
181, 690 
81,'632 


8,161,289 
22 720 










2,442,162 

462, 033 

1,339 

26, 786 


2,701,620 
1,336,117 


3,300,000 


4,760,100 


20,363,636 


20,810,990 














88,222 




















2,395,317 


26,626,802 


3,200,000 


6,469,500 


129, 282 


188,251 










Wyoming 


1,669,970 


3,426,243 




, 














Total 


50,268,820 


46,767,023 ! 759, 5%, 551 


824,892,616 


10,650,000 


37,712,400 


44,799,998 


50,300,768 


14,106,559 


22,039,267 


1,269,607 


8,491,666 


Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

California 


1,375,U0 
6,063,440 
4, .581, 754 
1,166,036 
o 7'>t; 075 


1,483,039 

3,6.59,806 

4, 769, 484 

953,723 

•? S-TS 1CI'> 


12,366,022 
67,771,280 
22,0:«,914 
10,412,871 
16,794,726 


10,630,167 
47, 4.56, 708 
23,469,171 
8, 389, .509 
16,358,074 


1,000,000 
12,500,000 

860,000 
2,800.000 

680^000 


2, 66G, 100 

15,197,800 

584, 100 

2,219.000 

3, 460, 800 


1,292,9-29 
1,163,636 

1,680,808 
6, 753, 535 
IQ, 343, 434 


2.040,630 
1,065,762 
6.50, 731 
1,090,457 
9.171.135 




1 




98,849 
335, 515 


143,725 
• 903, 707 










Nevada 

Utah 




< 54, 148 


284, 070 


701,829 










r 


Total 


1.5,912,415 


13,694,244 


119,375,813 


106,203,619 


17,830,000 


24,017,800 


20,234,342 


14,018,715 


718,434 


1,749,261 




.54, 148 








Oregon: 


1,063,923 
4,241.608 
1,389,394 


3.261,018 
3, 489, 985 
1,510,270 


14,243,923 
30, 966, 594 
21,663,292 


20, 509, 846 
28,906,082 
11,256,988 


1,850,000 

1,100,000 

204,000 


1,889,000 

1,429,500 

685,400 


4,783,&38 
96, 969 
90,605 


4,980,105 
173, 641 
330,990 


54," 923' 

1, 128, 294 


18 

77,679 

1,812,394 






Oregon 

Washington . . . 














Total 


6,694,925 


8,261,273 


66,863,809 


60,672,916 


3,154,000 


4,003,800 


4,971,312 


6,484,736 


1,183,217 


1,889,991 












16, 648, 571 


U, 534, 230 


146,411,325 


141,879,099 


1 


6,900 


387, 878 


672.323 1 164.679 1 789.136 1 22.000 


14.7-19 




I 


, • - 


Grand total. . 

Total United 

States 


89, 5S4, 731 
165,285,573 


80,256,770 
140,060,661 


1,092,247,498 
2,218,766,028 


1,133,648,250 
2,212,760,566 


1 31,634,000 
32,845,000 


65,741,000 
71,053,400 


70,393,530 
70,485,714 


70,476,542 
70,806,626 


16,172,889 ! 26,467.655 
140,882,729 226,553,564 


1,291,607 8,560,443 
16,036,043 24,683,173 


Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of Unite'd States . 

Per cent grand 
total forms of 
United States 


SO. 41 
54.16 


83.39 
57.3 


84.24 
49.23 


37.28 
61.23 


82.42 
96.31 


63.07 
92.52 


63.56 
99.87 


71.06 
99.54 


10.01 
U.47 


9.73 
11.68 


7.91 
8.05 


34.4 
34.08 



1 statistics of swine for 1899. 

2 Including 85,889 tons anthracite in Colorado and New Mexico. 

STotal number and value of animals in the Dakotag, 1890: Number, 2,126,771; value, 463,040,218. 
• Wyoming, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. 



1901.] 



TEERITOEIAL EXPAXSIO]^ OF THE UMTED STATES. 











No. 27.— 1854. Unokganized Portion op Louisiana Pukchase (then known as the Indian Country), organized as Territories 

OF Kansas, Nebraska, and Indian Territory. 




No. 28.— 185S-1859. State op Minnesota Formed fro.m Eastern Part of the Territory op Minnesota (1858).— Oregon Admitted 
AS A State, and Eastern Part op Oregon Terkitorv Attached to Washington Territory (1859). 

No. 3 10 



1000 



TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



[>i:i'rEMBnn, 



Statistics of States op the Union OitUANizED from Acquired Territory — Continued. 



STATES AND 
TERRITOIUES. 



Louisiana ru r- 
caisi:: 

Arliiinsas 

Colorado 

Indian Terri- 
tory 

lowii 

Kansas 

Louisiiuui 

Minnciota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

North Dakota.. 

Okla homa 

South Dakota.. 
Wyoming 



Total . 



PETE0LEU5I PRO- 
DDCED IN— 



POBLIC-SCHOOL STATISTICS. 



1S80 



Barrels. 



303,812 



1,200 



278 



Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

Californiii 

New Mexico.. 

Nevada 

Utah 



Total. 



Oregon: 

Idaho 

Oregon 

Washington . 



Total . 



Texas. 



Grand total.. 

Total United 

States 



370,320 



307,360 



307,360 



M 



677, 734 
45, 822, 672 



Per cent Louisiana 
Territorv forms 
of Unlte'd States. 

Per cent grand 
total fornis of 
United States 



1S99 



Barrels. 
"396,"278' 



69,700 

"'iisi' 



5,560 



465,670 



2,642,095 



2,642,095 



669,013 



3,776,778 
57,070,860 



.81 
6.62 



Pupils enrolled. 



1S90 



223,071 
65,490 



493, 267 
399,322 
120,253 
280,960 
620, 211 

16,980 
240,300 

35,543 



78,043 
7,052 



2, 580, 495 



7,989 
221,756 
18, 216 

7,387 
37, 279 



292, 620 



14,311 
63,254 
55, 964 



133,529 



1S99 



301,387 
108,816 



651,992 

370, 240 

193, 169 

384, 0G3 

668.018 

35, 070 

277,765 

67,375 

85,635 

98,540 

13,042 



15,898 

253,397 

27, 173 

7,348 

71, 905 



375, 722 



Teachers employed. 



1890 



5,016 
2,375 



28,567 

12, 232 
2, 676 
8,817 

13, 785 
624 

10, 555 
1,982 



4, 610 
259 



89,5.58 



240 

5,434 

2 476 

251 

680 



7,081 



32, 696 
88,485 
97,916 



219,097 



466,872 



3,473,522 
12,722,581 



20.28 
27.30 



552,503 



4,308,434 
1.5,138,715 



20.88 
28.46 



497 
2,666 
1,610 



4,673 



10, SSO 



112, 192 
363,922 



24.61 
30.83 



IS90 



7,073 
3,294 



28,694 

12, 513 

4, 157 

11,250 

13,782 

1,086 

9,192 

3,637 

2, 182 

4,806 

536 



102,202 



Total expenditure for 
public schools. 



1S»0 



Dollars. 
1,016,776 
1, 081, 379 



6,382,953 
4,972,967 

S17, 110 
4,187,310 
5,434.262 

361,084 
3,370,3:32 

626,949 



225, 000 



30,284,752 



373 

8,157 

706 

314 

1,419 



10,969 



902 
3,693 
3,321 



7,916 



14, 989 



136,076 
415,660 



24.59 
32. 74 



181,914 
5, 187, 102 
285,000 
161,481 
394,685 



6,010,242 



169, 020 
805, 979 
958, 111 



1,933,110 



3,178,300 4,476,4i 



1S99 



Dollars. 

1,292,463 

2,281,713 



7,978,000 
3, 991, 477 
1,126.112 

5,172; no 

7,048, 826 
776, 1.50 

3,815,593 

1, 2S8, 031 
596,492 

1,605,623 
213,291 



High schools. 



Students. 



Teachers. 



1899 



4,204 
5,597 

503 

29,297 

14, 3!- 5 

3,035 

13,374 

24, 193 

1, 045 

14,269 

1,072 

343 

2,118 

352 



37, 185, .SSI 113,847 



238,741 
6, 164, 053 
154, 532 
203,042 
991,973 



7,762,941 



274,377 
1,159,125 
1,795,795 



182 

13,797 

259 

423 

2,034 



16, 695 



524 
2,705 
3,503 



3,229,297 



6,732 



41, 406, 404 
140,506,715 



21.55 
29.63 



62,644,676 
197,281,603 



18.85 
26.69 



17,564 



154,838 
580,006 



193 

254 

35 

1, 149 

547 

2''2 

C47 

1,014 

52 
582 

64 

23 
104 

21 



4,9.17 



Normal schools. 



Students. 



Teachers. 



1899 



529 
509 



10 

762 

25 

19 
100 



916 



36 
141 

181 



7,014 
28,128 



182 

1, 361 I 

35 



664 



2,745 



151 
561 
322 



20, 770 
68,380 



39 

25 



4,664 


170 


2,032 


87 


445 


25 


2,199 


82 


1,745 


m 


130 


8 


2,249 


45 


413 


20 


251 


9 


620 


30 



6 
79 
4 



33 



122 



10 
31 
17 



856 
3,093 



' Including Michigan. 



: Estimated. 



1901.] 



TEKRITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



1001 




Xo. 29. — 1861. Terkitoky ok Xev.^d.v Formed from Western Part of Ut.\h. — Territory op Color.\do Formed from the Eastern. 
Part of Utah, Western Part of Nebraska, and Northern Part of New Mexico. — Dakota Formed from Northern Pakt of 
Territory of Nebraska and that Part of the Territory- of Minnesota not Inciatded in the State of Minnesota. 




No. 30. — 1S63. Idaho Territory Formed froji the Eastern Part op Washington Territory and Western Part of Dakota 
Territory. — Arizona Territory Formed prom Western Part op New Mexico. — West Virginia Formed from AVestern Part 
OP Virginia. 



1002 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSIOI^ OF THE imiTED STATES. 

Statistics of States of the Union Okganized from Acquieed Teeritoey— Continued. 



[SeI'TBMBER, 





HIGHER EDUCATIONAL 
INSTITUTIONS, 1899. 


TOTAL OF ALL SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL 
INSTITUTIONS. 


POST-OFFICES, JAN- 


NEWSPAPERS AND PERI- 


MILES OF 


lAILWAY 


STATES AXD 
TERRITORIES. 


Students. 


Teachers. 


Attendance. 


Teachers. 




ODICALS PUBLISHED. 


IN OPEKAIION. 




1S90 


1S99 


1890 


1899 


1S90 


1900 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1900 


Louisiana I' v r. - 
chase: 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

IndianXerritory 
Iowa 


1,662 
2,065 

285 
7,616 
5,726 
2,121 
4,109 
9,925 

516 
3,392 

908 

446 
1,308 

140 


119 
320 

23 
555 
493 
186 
412 
1,193 

53 
362 

55 

29 
111 

14 


225,659 

68,057 

1231 

615, 516 

411.853 

127; 455 

292,099 

640, 813 

17,653 

247,396 

36, 151 


307,842 
117, 047 
788 
696, 669 
392,383 
201,770 
403,736 
703,881 

36,791 
297,676 

69,768 

86,675 
102, 592 

13,534 


5,207 

2,639 

117 

27,837 

12,868 
3,097 
9,610 

15,243 
679 

11,070 
2,033 


7,424 

3,893 

58 

30,668 

13,610 

4,590 

12,391 

16,104 

1,199 

10,181 

3,776 

2,243 

5,051 

671 


1,424 

642 
1258 
1,760 
1,816 

811 
1,236 
2,300 

312 
1,069 

464 


1,SS5 

730 

614 

1,907 

1,673 

1,155 

1,642 

2,945 

475 

1,088 

616 

593 

692 

307 


198 
276 

IS 
878 
765 
173 
476 
. 849 

70 
610 
125 

30 
256 

35 


257 
326 

84 

1,073 

703 

192 

653 

1,033 

92 
617 
155 
125 
267 

41 


2,203 
4.291 
11,261 
8,416 
8,892 
1,710 
5,515 
6,142 
2,196 
5,408 
2,116 


3,088 
4,617 
1,339 
9,114 
8,749 
2,664 
6,770 
6,881 
3,008 
6,594 
2,705 
758 


Kansas 

Louisiana 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

North Dakota.. 


South Dakota . . 
Wyoming 


80,347 
7,311 


4,787 
278 


636 
201 


2,610 
1,003 


2,825 
1,212 


Total 


40, 249 


3,925 


2,670,541 


3,331,051 


96,365 


111,089 


12, 919 


16,228 


4 759 


R Alft 


.51,823 


69,324 






Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

Calilornia 

New Mexico... 

Nevada 

Utah 


133 

6,728 

335 

331 

1,738 


16 
619 
41 
23 

82 


8,064 

240,220 

18,513 

7,773 
38,375 


16,395 

274,786 

27,802 

8,102 

76,342 


244 
6,604 
603 
278 
761 


405 

9,617 

776 

356 

1,634 


163 
1,334 
231 
146 
24t 


212 

1,658 

312 

184 


34 
50S 
47 
25 
51 


54 
698 
62 
30 
77 


1,095 
4, 3.50 
1,389 
923 
1,265 


1,465 
6,455 
1,788 
920 
1,573 






Total 


8,265 


781 


312,945 


403,427 


8,390 


12,788 


2,119 


2,705 


723 


911 


9,022 


11,201 




Oregon: 


183 
1,686 
1,343 


19 
199 
130 


14,443 
66,153 
57,344 


33,554 

93,437 

103, 084 


509 
2,792 
1,694 


967 
4,064 
3,619 


239 

607 
500 


424 

872 
831 


46 
146 
194 


70 
192 
221 


946 
1,440 
2,012 


1,271 
1,632 
2,892 


Oregon 


Washington 


Total 


3,212 


348 


137,940 


230,075 


4,995 


8,680 


1,346 


2,127 


386 


483 


4,398 


6,795 




Texas 


5,108 


363 


476, 992 


576,329 


11,394 


16, 206 


2,139 


3,011 


542 


794 


8,710 1 9,722 




Grand total .. 


66,834 


5,417 


3,598,418 


4,540,882 


120,144 


149,363 


18,523 


24,071 


6,412 


7,806 


73,953 1 86,042 


Total United 
States 


201,669 


19,896 


13,228,588 


1.5,988,729 


395,065 


466,777 


60,140 


75,388 


18,536 


20,806 


166,703 


190,833 


Per cent Louisiana 
Territory forms 
of United States. . 






20.19 
27.2 


20 83 
28.4 


24.14 
30.41 


23.92 
32 


21.48 
30.79 


21.52 
31.93 


25.67 
34.59 


27 
37.61 


31. OS 31.11 


Per cent grand total 
forms of United 
States 








1 







1 Includes Oklahoma. 



1901.] 



TEERITOELVL EXPANSIOlSr OP THE UNITED STx\TES. 



1003 




No. 31.— 1S64. JMoxTAXA Terkitory Formed from Northeastern Part of Idaho Territory. — Additions Made to Nevada in 

18G4 and 1866. 




Nil. :il'. — 1S67. Alaska Purchased fro.m Russia for the sum of $7,200,000. 



1004 



TESKITOEL^L EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



[Seite.mcek, 



Statistics of States of the Union Oeganized peom Acquired Termtoky — Continued. 

BANKING STATISTICS. 





NATIONAL BANKS. 


TOTAL EESODBCES OF 
NATIONAL, STATE, 
PRIVATE, AND SAV- 
INGS BANKS.l 


STATES AND 
TEUKITOKIES. 


Number of banlcs. 


Capital stock.i 


Total individual 
deposits.! 


Loans and discounts.! 


Circulation.! 




1800 


1000 


1890 


1900 


1890 


1000 


1S90 


1900 


1800 


1900 


1890 


1900 


LOUISIAN.V PUK- 
CH.tSE; 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

IndianTcrritory 


9 

46 

2 

139 

159 

19 

60 

79 

25 

135 

29 

3 

39 

11 


7 

39 

30 

196 

110 

21 

s:i 

67 

21 

110 

27 

24 

28 

14 


1, 530 

7, 3fi5 

110 

11,320 

13,909 

4, 325 
14,645 
23,161 

8,315 
12, 555 

1,9.-18 
200 

2,545 

1,285 


1,070 

4,322 

1,317 

14.033 

s;417 

3,285 

12,(«i2 

17,950 

2,305 

9,965 

1,525 

865 

1,.503 

885 


2,235 
26,326 
61 
26,800 
20, 685 
14,784 
31,000 
45,011 
12, 807 
26, 152 

3,810 
169 

4,075 

2,694 


8,102 

51,214 

2,307 

49,041 

29, 195 

20,308 

45, 805 

64,419 

13, 360 

32,917 

5,016 

2,9.56 

6,081 

3,918 


4,009 
25,093 
102 
31,762 
2.5,636 
17,415 
41,080 
64,862 
13,451 
33, 364 

4, 115 
133 

4,909 

3,055 


2,869 

26, 899 

2,876 

60, .593 

24, 782 

18,441 

44, 965 

90, 253 

9,134 

31,716 

5,416 

2,137 

4,302 

3,1.80 


2.56 
1,164 
18 
2,667 
2 924 
"' 949 
1,.517 
1,929 

546 
2,340 

4.58 
34 

580 

262 


246 

2.974 

353 

6,915 

3,9:51 

1,764 

3,491 

10, 623 

717 

3,948 

435 

327 

519 

363 


7,687 

51,063 

239 

11.5,739 

7S, 046 

40,342 

108, 506 

19S, 0-16 

21,622 

93, 733 

9,334 

599 

1.5,175 

6,172 


12,012 

85; 110 

4,821 

223,064 


Kansas 

Louisiana 

Jlinnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Norlli Daliota.. 

Olilahoma 

South Dakota.. 
Wj-oming 


87,510 

55,527 
137,998 
302,949 

■?,■>, 217 
103,097 

16,;303 
9,226 

21.413 
7,864 


Total 


755 


777 


9S, 263 


80,126 


216,609 


329, 699 


209,016 


317,563 


1.5,644 


36,596 


746,903 


1,099,111 






Mexican Cession: 

Arizona 

California 

Now Mexico . . . 

Nevada 

Utah 


2 

37 

9 

2 

10 


5' 
38 

9 

1 
10 


150 

8,475 

975 

2S2 

2,060 


400 

10,998 

710 

82 

1,600 


293 
18,236 
2,301 

245 
4,442 


2,076 

&5.195 

3;558 

433 

6,072 


204 

29,568 

2,236 

635 
4,926 


1,328 

33,029 

2, .525 

351 

2,956 


83 

1,188 

249 

63 
301 


187 

3,&58 

4.58 

20 

930 


1,2.58 
262,643 
4,732 
1,320 
14,791 


5.624 

387, 583 

7,668 

2,670 

42, 736 






Total 


60 


63 


11,942 


13,790 


25,517 


46,334 


28,669 


40,189 


1,834 


5,4-53 


284,7-44 


446, '281 






Oregon: 

Idaho 


7 
37 
51 


9 

27 
31 


400 
2.975 
5,327 


550 
2,370 
8,2.50 


1,398 

9,ai3 

14,341 


3,799 
11,782 
20,934 


1,088 
11,060 
15,106 


1,367 

7, .573 

12,188 


93 

590 

1,065 


178 
958 
936 


2,595 
23,699 
32,992 


6,144 


Oregon 

Washington 


23,517 
43,216 


Total 


95 


07 


8,702 


6,170 


25,582 


36,515 


27,254 


21,128 


1,748 


2,072 


59,286 


72,877 








189 


223 


22,227 


19,619 


30,4.50 


49,749 


48,814 


56,453 


3,821 


7,177 


83,099 


103,418 






Grand total .. 


1,099 


1,130 


141,134 


119,705 


298,158 


462,297 


373,653 


435,333 


23,047 


51,298 


1,174,032 


1,721,687 



• In thousands of dollars. 



!001. 



TEKEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. 



1005 




No. 33. — 1S6S. Wyoming TEKrxi-roKY Formed fko.m Eastern Part of Territory of Idaho. 




No. 34. 1SS9-1890. Dakota Territory Divided and States of North and South Dakota Admitted (1889). — Oklahoma TERRiToitY 
Formed (1890) from Part of Indian Territory and Unorganized Territory' North op Texas. 



100(5 



TEEEITOEIAL EXPAJS^SION OP THE UNITED STATES. [SErxEMiiEK, loul.] ^' 




I H Ap '07 



i 



I 



I 



